清代誠齋詩學與唐宋詩之爭

南宋詩人楊萬里的詩歌創作甚豐而風格別樹一幟,他受到同代人賞識,卻不見重於元明兩代,到清代更是屢受惡評。在當時詩學的唐宋詩之爭中,誠齋詩往往不容於雙方。直至清末,纔受到同光詩人的推尊。本文通過梳理清代誠齋詩在唐宋詩之爭中的各期發展,最後聚焦到同光詩人的誠齋詩觀,指出夏敬觀是清代第一個全面肯定誠齋詩的學者,楊萬里的詩史地位最終因同光派而得以確立。     

Optimum Design of Passive Control Devices for Reducing the Seismic Response of Twin-Tower-Connected Structures

Based on the 3-single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) model of twin-tower structures linked by the sky-bridge and passive control devices, the frequency functions and the vibration energy expressions of the structures are derived by using the stationary white noise as the seismic excitation. The analytical formulas for determining the connecting optimum parameters of viscoelastic damper (VED) represented by the Kelvin model and the viscous fluid damper (VFD) represented by Maxwell model are proposed using the principle of minimizing the average vibration energy of either the single tower or the twin tower. Three pairs of representative numerical examples of twin-tower-connected structures are used to verify the correctness of the theoretical approach. The optimum parametric analysis demonstrates that the control performance is not sensitive to damper damping ratio of VED and relaxation time of VFD. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategies based on the 3-SDOF models is also proved to be applicable to multi-degree-of-freedom systems. The theoretical analysis and numerical results indicate that the seismic response and vibration energy of the twin-tower-connected structures are mitigated greatly under the two types of dampers. The presented control strategies of VED and VFD can help engineers in application of coupled structures.     

西方农业起源理论评述

自从柴尔德提出"新石器革命"的论断以来,农业起源成为世界考古学战略性研究的一项重要课题。各学科学者运用多种理论从各个角度探讨这一革命性进程,试图回答农业是何时、何地、为何和怎样起源的。西方学者为此作了不懈努力,取得了丰硕成果。本文简要回顾了西方农业起源的研究历程,然后从环境、社会和人类文化、认知力三个方面对西方有关农业起源的理论或假说进行总结和评述,旨在进一步促进国内外研究者对农业起源进行深入的研究。     

香山汉墓和杨家湾汉墓出土彩绘陶俑制作工艺研究

香山汉墓位于山东省青州市,杨家湾汉墓位于陕西省咸阳市,都属于西汉中前期墓葬,分别出土了大量的陶质彩绘人物俑和动物俑。本文通过对香山汉墓和杨家湾汉墓出土的彩绘陶人物俑、陶马和骑马俑的制作工艺进行研究,来说明西汉基本同一时期不同地域彩绘陶俑制作工艺的特点和差别。     

Neurocranial abnormalities of the Gongwangling Homo erectus from Lantian,China

The Homo erectus cranium found at Gongwangling, near Lantian, China, and dated to ≈1.2 ma BP has been analyzed with respect to its evolutionary position. However, the remains, and especially the internal and external surfaces of the neurocranium, present a series of marked abnormalities. These irregularities consist principally of a pronounced cresting and scalloping of the external surface of the frontal bone and anterior parietal bone and a similar alteration of the internal surface of a mid transverse section of parietal bone that connects with the fossilization break across the anterior parietal bone. There is no obvious exposure of diploë on the surfaces. Woo (Vertebrata PalAsiatica 10:1–16, 1966) briefly ascribed these abnormalities to postmortem erosion, and Caspari (Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 102:565–568, 1997) has attributed the irregularities of the right supraorbital torus to antemortem trauma. It has been suggested that the pervasive neurocranial alterations might be pathological. Computerized tomography (CT) analysis of the frontal and parietal bones revealed complete radiopacity of the anterior half of the fossil; it is possible to distinguish large frontal sinuses but other details, including in the area of the purported traumatic lesion, are invisible. However, in the posterior frontal bone and preserved portions of the parietal bone the diploë and tables are discernible. Externally on the frontoparietal section and internally on the transverse parietal piece, there are clear erosional lacunae in the associated table, combined with a thin layer of matrix which obscures the eroded diploë externally. The superficial irregularities are therefore due to postmortem taphonomic alterations of the bone and not pathological processes. In addition, it is apparent that the two pieces were embedded in the matrix at different angles, resulting in their differential erosion.     

酸沉降对室外文物材质破坏的试验方法

用现场暴露试验和室内模拟试验检验酸沉降对文物材料的破坏程度。提出了两种试验方法、试验步骤、试验后材料腐蚀速率的计算,建立材料损伤函数的几个步骤。     

POLLUTION MOBILITY,PRODUCTIVITY DISPARITY,AND THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POLLUTING AND NONPOLLUTING FIRMS

This paper first develops a model to characterize the equilibrium distribution of polluting and nonpolluting firms and then turns to the larger question of whether the equilibrium distribution is socially optimal. We find that the equilibrium distribution of polluting firms differs from the social optimum when they generate a large amount of stationary pollution and have much higher or lower productivity than clean firms. In these cases, conventional pollution control approaches generally do not bring about an optimal distribution. Consideration of transport costs along with productivity and pollution changes some of the classic results of the new economic geography literature.     

吉林省同日本的经贸合作与老工业基地振兴

日本是吉林省的主要经贸伙伴,自2000年起日本成为吉林省的第二大出口市场,发展同日本的经贸关系对吉林省具有十分重要的意义。本文通过对吉林省同日本经贸合作的现状及双方经贸合作的有利和不利因素的分析,提出了促进吉林省对日经贸进一步发展的对策建议。     

傅维鳞《明书》史事缺略与回避考

《明书》是第一部明代全史,但于晚明史事多有缺略,于明清关系亦有所回避。本文对《明书》具体缺略情况和回避情形进行了考述、分析,希望能为明史研究者更好地利用《明书》提供参考。     

In‐Situ Marginalisation: Social Impact of Chinese Mega‐Projects

This study offers a detailed analysis of an under‐researched social problem of in‐situ marginalisation and its causes by drawing on the concept of state entrepreneurialism. Our empirical data stem from the Lingang mega project in Shanghai and one of its neighbourhoods named Neighbourhood No.57 where we find that the residents have not been relocated but are instead suffering from declining public services and environmental quality from surrounding industrial developments. The root cause of this problem is the municipal government’s prioritisation of its strategic objectives of economic development over the livelihood of local residents. The strategic vision of the municipality has led to mass relocation in its early phases of development but in its later stages leaves many residents waiting for relocation whilst being gradually surrounded by industrial developments. Despite continued residential complaints and petitions, in‐situ marginalisation is not resolved due to the institutional arrangement of Lingang, which has centralised planning and financing powers to newly created project‐oriented state organisation. Social responsibilities have been relegated to lower‐tiered governments in Lingang which have neither planning power nor the financial resources to resolve the problems of residents. By examining the case of Lingang, this paper provides a different analytical framework for explaining the social problems emerging from China’s mega urban developments.