Complex Pathways Towards Emergent Pastoral Settlements: New Research on the Bronze Age Xindian Culture of Northwest China

Journal of World Prehistory - The Xindian culture of northwest China has been seen as a prototypical example of a transition toward pastoralism, resulting in part from environmental changes that...     

墓志所见唐长安城安仁坊居民葬地的地理分布

唐长安城安仁坊内曾聚集很多有名望的人物,包括皇家贵戚、世家大族、文人墨客、高僧大德等等。他们不仅重视自己的宅第建设,而且对阴宅的建设也极为重视。但受政治身份、经济实力、文化观念等诸多因素的影响,他们葬地的择址和修建存在着一定的差异。近年来,唐代墓志的大量出土表明安仁坊居民葬地的分布有着一定规律,呈现出一定的文化特征,既有长安城居民葬地的共性,也有此坊居民葬地的某些特性。     

明代宦官历史教育论析

明代宦官在东宫教育和帝王日讲、经筵乃至日常生活和政治实践中发挥了重要影响,明人亦强调宦官对于帝王历史教育不可或缺的作用。明代宦官经由内书堂和自我学习接受历史教育,其在历史教育实践中与帝王之间表现出某种趋同性特征,并转而影响君主。受中国古代"明君德政"历史教育模式的影响,明代儒臣透过"贤宦良政"和"恶宦劣政"的历史举说或历史书写,推行宦官历史教育,既于内书堂教育中注入历史训诫,又编纂以古今类型化宦官传记史事为内容的专门史鉴书籍。历史教育成为明代儒臣、宦官与帝王三者之间交互沟通和影响的纽带,以历史教育为中心的史学经世致用取向构成明代中后期史学史的时代性内容。     

“独走”背后:九一八事变与“满洲事件费”

1931年9月18日,日本关东军①经过长期的酝酿与谋划发动了震惊世界的九一八事变。在侵略扩张欲望无限膨胀的驱使下,日本天皇和军政高层不但没有对关东军的侵略行动进行阻止,反而使侵华战争向更为严酷的方向发展。以此为起点,持续14年之久的侵华战争,深刻地改变了中国近代化的发展历程和远东国际关系的发展轨迹。     

Complex raw materials and the supply system: Mineralogical and geochemical study of the jade artefacts of the Longshan Culture (2400–2000 bce) from Sujiacun site in coastal Shandong,China

X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy were employed to analyse the chemical compositions and phase structures of nine pieces of jade artefacts unearthed from Sujiacun, a Longshan Culture (2400–2000 bce ) site in coastal Shandong, eastern China. The results of the analyses indicated these samples were primarily made from multiple raw mineral materials, including antigorite, actinolite, clinochlore, turquoise and muscovite. No nephrite was recovered from the Sujiacun site. This is strikingly different from other top‐ranking settlements of Longshan Culture, such as Dantu, Liangchengzhen and Xizhufeng, in which nephrite was the main material of jade artefacts. This may reflect the distinctions in the supply system of jade raw materials among different rankings of Longshan period sites. In addition, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) was used to analyse the composition of the rare earth elements of serpentine jade. These preliminary results were compared with published data on the composition of serpentine jade and it was found that the Sujiacun serpentine jade artefacts were likely sourced from the Taishan jade deposit.     

Optimum Design of Passive Control Devices for Reducing the Seismic Response of Twin-Tower-Connected Structures

Based on the 3-single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) model of twin-tower structures linked by the sky-bridge and passive control devices, the frequency functions and the vibration energy expressions of the structures are derived by using the stationary white noise as the seismic excitation. The analytical formulas for determining the connecting optimum parameters of viscoelastic damper (VED) represented by the Kelvin model and the viscous fluid damper (VFD) represented by Maxwell model are proposed using the principle of minimizing the average vibration energy of either the single tower or the twin tower. Three pairs of representative numerical examples of twin-tower-connected structures are used to verify the correctness of the theoretical approach. The optimum parametric analysis demonstrates that the control performance is not sensitive to damper damping ratio of VED and relaxation time of VFD. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategies based on the 3-SDOF models is also proved to be applicable to multi-degree-of-freedom systems. The theoretical analysis and numerical results indicate that the seismic response and vibration energy of the twin-tower-connected structures are mitigated greatly under the two types of dampers. The presented control strategies of VED and VFD can help engineers in application of coupled structures.     

THE PAIRS OF COOKS IN THE ROYAL DINING HALL AND THE AKITI CALENDAR DURING SULGI45 - 48

Wu Yuhong published an article on the animals issued to the 6-uz-ga institution and its two cooks, in addition to two articles on the Calendar starting from the Month of Akiti in Puzris-Dagan, in 1996, 2000 and 2002. From 2006, more and more Puzris-Dagan texts have been available to us through BDTNS and CDLI online, and this situation urged us to revise and make a complete archive of the four pairs of cooks （muhaldim） working in the e-uz-ga dining hall,     

POLLUTION MOBILITY,PRODUCTIVITY DISPARITY,AND THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POLLUTING AND NONPOLLUTING FIRMS

This paper first develops a model to characterize the equilibrium distribution of polluting and nonpolluting firms and then turns to the larger question of whether the equilibrium distribution is socially optimal. We find that the equilibrium distribution of polluting firms differs from the social optimum when they generate a large amount of stationary pollution and have much higher or lower productivity than clean firms. In these cases, conventional pollution control approaches generally do not bring about an optimal distribution. Consideration of transport costs along with productivity and pollution changes some of the classic results of the new economic geography literature.     

论秦代金布的隶属及其性质

金布是秦代县一机构。一些研究认为金布隶属于少内,但综合材料分析,金布不隶属于少内而是直接隶属于县廷。以往关于金布性质的讨论受到《金布律》较大影响,存有偏差。据新出里耶秦简所示,县金布应为列曹之一,主管统计库中的兵、车、工用、工用器和少内机构中的器物、金钱等财物,核准县属各机构的国有资财增减情况的考核记录——"课"。     

On the origin and presentation of images of traveling Buddhist monks on pilgrimage for sutras with tame tigers in the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes

Abstract

The creation of the “images of traveling Buddhist monks on pilgrimage for sutras with tame tigers” preserved in the Mogao Grottoes resulted from a syncretic cultural and religious development in the Tang and Song dynasties. It was not drawn on the events of the pilgrimage of Xuanzang 玄奘, as is generally believed in academic circles. The intrinsic principles contained within the images transcend their external features: the development of Esoteric Buddhism and the phenomenon of traveling monks in the periods and their fusion with Central Plains folk culture imbued the images with the influence of both exoteric and esoteric schools of Buddhism, together with folk beliefs; on the other hand, the creation of the “images of traveling Buddhist monks on pilgrimage for sutras with tame tigers” reflected “Ratnasambhava tathāgata beliefs,” which were prevalent in the Dunhuang region in the Tang and Song dynasties. Via metaphorical presentations of iconized monks, these images provided the expression of multiple religious beliefs.