A new Permian–Triassic boundary brachiopod fauna from the Xinmin section,southwestern Guizhou,south China and its extinction patterns

Wu, H.T., He, W.H., Shi, G.R., Zhang, K.X., Yang, T.L., Zhang, Y., Xiao, Y.F., Chen, B. & Wu, S.B., XX.XXXX.2018. A new Permian–Triassic boundary brachiopod fauna from the Xinmin section, southwestern Guizhou, south China and its extinction patterns. Alcheringa 00, 000–000. ISSN 0311-5518.

A new brachiopod fauna comprising 31 species in 19 genera is described from a Permian–Triassic boundary section in Xinmin, Guizhou Province, Southwestern China. The brachiopods were collected from the Changhsingian (latest Permian) Changxing (=Changhsing) and Dalong (=Talung) formations and the lower Griesbachian (earliest Triassic) Daye Formation, which were deposited, respectively, in a shallow-water carbonate platform, upper offshore and carbonate platform settings. Among the brachiopods described and illustrated, a new species Juxathyris subcircularis is proposed. In addition, some species Araxathyris previously reported in south China have been discussed in detail and revised, with new morphological information. In particular, internal structures are provided for the first time for Orthothetina and Araxathyris species reported from south China. In addition, important clarifications are also provided on the morphology and diagnoses for Haydenoides, Martinia, Crurithyris and Transcaucasathyris, as well as for Paryphella transversa.

Huiting Wu School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; Weihong He [whzhang@cug.edu.cn] State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; G. R. Shi [guang.shi@deakin.edu.au] School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; Kexin Zhang State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Tinglu Yang Faculty of Geosciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, PR China; Yang Zhang School of Earth Sciences and Resource, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; Yifan Xiao and Bing Chen School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Shunbao Wu, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China.     

Mining the Way to Wealth and Power: Late Qing Reform of Mining Law (1895–1911)

This article traces the origins of Chinese alignment with Western mining laws to the last years of the Qing dynasty. I argue that the first decade of the twentieth century was the fundamental watershed in China between early modern views of mining and those held by the Chinese government today.     

清朝官修《明史》关于南明历史纂修的讨论

南明历史书法,是清朝官修《明史》的一个重要问题。它包括两个方面:南明抗节人臣的表彰与南明帝王史事的处理。从康熙中期正式官修《明史》到王鸿绪刊刻《明史稿》,再到殿本《明史》刊布,官修《明史》关于南明历史书法的讨论发生了一些显著变化。对于南明抗节人臣,起初一本"周之顽民,即殷之义士"的忠义原则,主张大肆表彰忠节,到后期则取法《宋史》、《元史》表彰易代之际人物的做法,表示"不没其实",但在历史叙述上更多地叙述明亡以前史事,而略写南明时期抗清事迹。关于南明帝王史事,由最初讨论为依据《宋史.瀛国公纪》体例,附于《崇祯帝本纪》论赞之末,到独成《三王传》,附于《诸王列传》之后,而最终改置于其始封诸王之末。这样的做法,明显地体现了清朝官方弱化南明历史的政治企图和学术倾向。     

明代“土流参治”再研究

国内外学术界几乎一致认为明代的“土流参治”就是以汉族担任流官,以少数民族首领担任土官.这种把“土流参治”仅仅看作是一种用人制度的传统观点有着明显的局限性.明代“土流参治”不仅是贯穿于西北边政方方面面的宏观指导,更重要的“土流参治”还是一个庞大的、多元的、复杂的管理体系,包括明代西北地区的卫所建设、戍边屯田、流官制度、土官制度、僧官制度、茶马贸易等诸多方面.明代“土流参治”大体归结为三个基本层面,即第一层面的“土流参政”;第二层面的“土流参设”;第三层面的“土流参任”.     

Accommodation and Conflict: The Incorporation of Miao Territory and Construction of Cultural Difference during the High Qing Era1

Past studies of southwest Guizhou during the Qing dynasty tend to focus on the policy of “abolishment of the native chieftainships and extension of direct bureaucratic control” (gaitu guiliu) pursued under the Yongzheng emperor, and also to emphasize the correlation between state expansion and Miao revolts as a political process of institution building. Based on personal memoirs and ethnographic accounts of the Qing dynasty, this study focuses on the Qing incorporation of Miao territory (Miaojiang) in southeast Guizhou, where there were not even native chieftainships but only unorganized, or “raw,” Miao indigenes; it also examines the incorporation as an interactive process of cultural understanding and construction among the Yongzheng emperor, Governor-General Ortai, a group of local officials, represented by Zhang Guangsi and Fang Xian, and local Miao people, who had already interacted with Han migrants and started to seek the protection of the central government. The paper calls attention to the contribution of lower level Qing officials made in the decision-making process, the formation of knowledge by the Chinese about the long-ignored Miao territory, and the significance of mutual understanding of cultures. It argues that the tragic confrontation between the Miao people and the Qing state building was not necessarily inevitable, but contingent on the officials’ perception of the minority people’s culture and the handling of the relationship between the state and local indigenes.     

墨子国家观浅议

墨子的国家观是其政治思想的集中体现,是其兼爱价值观在政治上的反映,也是其义利观的表现。本文从墨子关于国家职能和国家管理机构的设置、国家管理者之间的关系入手,探讨了墨子关于国家观的基本主张。墨子的国家观虽然带有空想色彩．但其首创性启迪了后代思想家．他提出的“尚贤”和“君民通约”的观点对后世争取平民权利有着重要指导意义。     

论新疆旅游商品市场的开发

随着我国旅游业的发展和旅游市场的开发,新疆已经成为海内外游客向往的旅游胜地。但是新疆旅游商品市场的开发水平与内地差距很大,旅游商品的经济带动作用并没有得到充分发挥。本文就新疆旅游商品市场开发中出现的占有率低、效益低等问题进行分析,并提出关于发展新疆旅游商品市场的建议。     

浅析新时期旅游高等教育人才培养模式

面向21世纪的旅游高等教育存在一些问题,值得思考。本文通过分析现状,对新时期高等旅游教育人才培养模式的新路径进行了探讨。     

试论满文对蒙古族和达斡尔族文化的影响

现在懂满文满语的人已经很少了.但在清朝兴盛时期,"国语"不仅是满洲旗人必须学的母语文字,在广大的蒙古族地区和达斡尔族地区,满文在各种公文、信函中广泛使用,掌握满文是升官晋职的重要奈件.由于社会需求的推动,清代出现了大量的满蒙辞书,满文对蒙古语言文字的发展产生了重要影响;清代官修的实录、方略、则例等大都有满蒙互译本;在达斡尔族地区,满文成为通用文字,迭斡尔族学堂和私塾中教授的全部是满文;满文对蒙古族和迭斡尔族的文化产生了多方面影响.在令天.研究蒙古族和迭斡尔族文化发展的历史,不应忽视满文的历史作用.