美国马里兰州的精明增长政策

20世纪70年代,美国兴起了以限制大都市区蔓延为目的的增长管理运动。90年代,该运动发展成一场内容更加广泛的精明增长运动。1997年,马里兰州议会通过了《精明增长和邻里保护总决议》,核心为优先资助区法和乡村遗产法。马里兰州精明增长政策的最大特征是以激励机制为主。这既不同于加州自下而上的分散的增长管理政策,也不同于俄勒冈州自上而下的具有强制力的增长管理政策,属于第三条道路。这一特征的优点在于减少了地方政府的抵制,但不足是缺乏强制性的管制机制,政策不能得到有力的贯彻执行,导致其效果大打折扣。     

《清代稿抄本》(第一辑)的编辑、出版与史料价值

<清代稿抄本>(第一辑)是国家清史编纂委员会2006年正式批准立项的重点文献整理项目.全书以广东省立中山图书馆、中山大学图书馆馆藏稿本(孤本)、抄本和少量稀见刻本为影印对象,收录清代未刊日记22种、未刊诗文集144种、清末广东咨议局相关档案文献22种,编成大型清代文献汇刊,第一辑包括正度16开本50册、约合5400余万字.<清代稿抄本>是清史研究中弥足珍贵的原始资料,对清史纂修,特别是深入研究清代政治、军事、经济、社会、文学、学术、对外关系以及岭南区域史具有重要意义.     

芝加哥混血美食

偶然看到美国权威美食杂志Bon Appetit的一篇报道,题目是《芝加哥,美国年度美食之城》,作者说：芝加哥是美国当前最值得一“吃”的城市。这让我想起不久前自己在芝加哥的美食之旅。以前一直觉得美国的餐厅大多好吃不到哪里去,但经过这次旅行,我立刻爱上了芝加哥的原生美食,那里有美国乃至全世界最独特的美食体验一各种“混血”新...     

Identification of PbO (BaO) faience from an early and middle Warring States period cemetery at Zhaitouhe,northern Shaanxi,China

Low‐temperature vitreous materials fluxed with lead (and barium) appeared in the early Warring States period (c.fifth century bce ) in ancient China. A range of lead vitreous products fluxed with the same agent, including faience/glass beads, glazed pottery and Chinese blue (purple) pigment, were developed subsequently. This study carries out scientific analysis of six vitreous beads unearthed from the Zhaitouhe cemetery site in northern Shaanxi dating to the early and middle Warring States period to investigate their chemical composition, microstructure and coloration. The lead (and barium) vitreous beads identified here are some of the earliest lead vitreous materials discovered in China so far, and therefore important for the study of the development of lead vitreous technologies in ancient China. This paper also points out that it is meaningful to evaluate the lead glass, glazed pottery and barium copper silicate pigments as a whole technological assemblage given their close relationships.     

美国新城市主义运动的兴起及其面临的困境

霍华德的田园城市理论和以柯布西耶为代表的现代主义城市规划理论乃是当代欧美主流的城市规划理论,这些理论在美国的应用导致了郊区的低密度蔓延和中心城市的衰败。20世纪中期以来,欧美城市规划学界对主流规划思想进行深入的分析与批判,美国的新城市主义理论于20世纪80年代应运而生并形成一定规模的新城市主义规划运动。这一运动对于克服郊区的蔓延和中心城市的衰败发挥了积极的作用。但是,由于各种主客观原因,新城市主义运动并没有达到预期效果,因而同样遭到了学术界的质疑与批评。     

Applications of integrated geophysical method in archaeological surveys of the ancient Shu ruins

The Jinsha site is one set of excavated ruins of the ancient Shu state, late Neolithic, early Bronze Age. The archaeological survey of the site is especially important for study of Shu culture, because there is hardly any written record of this period. As technology progresses, more and more advanced techniques and equipment have been used to conduct archaeological surveys. In this study, four nondestructive methods of geophysical detection were used to locate ancient relics at the site. The validity of these different types of archaeological detection methods (method of high-density resistivity, induced polarization, multi-frequency electromagnetic, ground-penetrating radar and so on) and techniques were analyzed. And a multi-scale, multi-method detection system to non-destructive detection of cultural relics was established.     

有心还是无意:李济汾河流域调查与夏文化探索

1925年李济在汾河流域的调查以及1926年对山西夏县西阴村遗址的发掘是中国考古学者第一次自行组织的考古工作。以往研究大多指出探索夏文化是李济这次考古活动的主要目的,本文通过分析李济当年所写的调查和发掘报告,证明李济此行的真实目的是要寻找一处适合发掘的史前遗址,并企图通过自己的工作以回应安特生的中国文化西来说。而终李济一生,他认为在考古学上还没有足够的证据表明何种文化为夏文化。     

掌中珍玩——武汉博物馆藏鼻烟壶赏识

清代近三百年间,吸闻鼻烟成为上至皇室贵胄、下至庶民百姓及其普遍的一种嗜好,而用来装鼻烟的鼻烟壶在清初的时候就由少数民族地区和国外传入中国内地后,受传统文化艺术影响,鼻烟壶的制作由最初仿制西洋鼻烟壶和民族鼻烟壶逐步染上传统文化气息,并向便于携带、小可手握的方向发展。清代康乾时期,鼻烟壶的造型受到当时最流行新式瓶壶类瓷器造型的影响,其外形最先出现的是高而细长的圆柱形、四方形系列。其后有圈足或无圈足的扁壶,     

Human activity and its impact on the landscape at the Xishanping site in the western Loess Plateau during 4800–4300 cal yr BP based on the fossil charcoal record

The taxonomic identification of fossil charcoal can be a useful archaeobotanical tool, as it can reveal information about prehistoric humans' use of plant resources and other factors. In this study, we quantify the fossil charcoal in a cultural sequence from Xishanping in the western Loess Plateau of China representing 4800–4300 cal yr BP to consider aspects of humans' impact on this landscape. The fossil charcoal assemblages reveal that the relative abundances of Picea, Betula, Acer, Ulmus and Quercus decreased markedly after 4600 cal yr BP. This suggests a marked decline in the mixed coniferous-broadleaved forest after this time. Concurrently, an increasing abundance of Bambusoideae charcoal has been suggested to reflect the expansion of the bamboo forest. The marked changes in the vegetation after 4600 cal yr BP were not obviously influenced by climate; they may be a better reflection of the results of human activity. Furthermore, other genera that provide important resources to humans also increased after 4600 cal yr BP, including Castanea, Cerasus, Padus and Diospyros. It is nearly certain that nuts and berries were an important food resource and that fruit trees were managed by prehistoric humans in the late Neolithic. This work suggests that the scale of prehistoric human impact on the western Loess Plateau landscape during the late Neolithic was much greater than was previously believed.     

戴季陶的三民主义观

戴季陶是孙中山逝世后最早对三民主义进行解释者。大陆学术界对此问题多沿袭传统观点,对其持批判和否定的态度。研究此问题应该摆脱意识形态的困扰,回归学术研究的层面。＂戴季陶主义＂的产生,是特殊社会环境的产物,是国民党党内斗争的结果,戴季陶个人也起了重要作用。戴季陶的三民主义观包含了对三民主义的解释,也包含了他自行发挥的反共理论。＂戴季陶主义＂引起了国民党右派的共鸣,为后来的＂清党＂奠定了理论基础,进行了舆论上的准备。