Legal heritage and urban slums

This paper studies the effect of legal origins (common law vs. civil law) on contemporary slum formation in developing countries. First, we provide a cross-country correlation analysis. Second, we provide a regression discontinuity analysis using household data from Cameroon. The results suggest that a common law heritage is associated with a lower probability of slum conditions. The legal philosophies transplanted through colonization appear to be associated with the pattern of contemporary urban housing stocks in developing countries.     

封闭式博物馆室内展厅秋季颗粒物数浓度变化特征

大气中的颗粒物已经成为影响文物保存环境质量的重要因素之一,监测文物保存环境中颗粒物浓度、减少其对文物所造成的损害影响已成为一个重要的研究课题。目前国内在此方面的研究尚较缺乏。因此,本研究采用气体悬浮物粒子监测仪对某封闭式博物馆不同展厅空气中不同粒径颗粒物的数浓度进行了连续监测,并与游客流量及装饰材料的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,96%以上颗粒物为PM_1.0（等效体积粒径小于1.0μm）,80%为PM_0.3（等效体积粒径小于0.3μm）。游客扰动对颗粒物数浓度的影响与粒径大小有关,PM_1.0数浓度没有明显的日变化,但1.0μm以上粗颗粒在开馆时段和夜间清扫时段出现明显的波动;节假日浓度明显高于工作日。上述研究表明,馆藏文物保存环境大气中的颗粒物污染监控应以细颗粒为主。     

论陈传康教授的地理学研究

陈传康教授是一个"全能型"的地理学家,无论从何种意义上来说,都是值得认真研究的。本文对陈传康地理学研究道路、特点和方法进行了多角度的解剖和梳理,勾勒出陈传康学术研究的总体特征,即为"专门性综合研究的开拓者",从而为中青年地理工作者提供学习借鉴的治学经验有"干"字型结构法、案例研究法、"三步"调查法、"双向"因果法、定性定量法、政策研究法。     

城镇标准地块空间定位探讨——以重庆市九龙坡区为例

根据重庆市建立标定地价体系的科学实践,提出城镇标准地块空间定位的技术途径为:从分析土地级别内各定级单元土地质量空间分布规律或房地产市场价格空间分布规律入手,采用定级单元总分平衡法和房地产市场价格平衡法确定标准单元,依据功能特征评价成果将标准地块定位。     

城市中的农民--济南市大明湖湖民生活习俗

济南是一座千年古城,老城曾被一圈城墙包围着,以这一圈城墙为界分别城里城外.大明湖被围在城中,是一个城中湖.在大明湖的北岸、北城墙根以南,有一块狭长的地方,住着100多户人家,世代以种植湖菜、捕鱼捞虾、撑船载客为生计,自古人称"湖民",后来也有人称他们是"城市中的农民".他们的生产生活习俗,非城非乡,似城似乡,在从前被认为是特殊的一群,由今天变化了的时代眼光来看,他们的心态与精神的许多方面,倒可以说是中国农民转型的一种先声.     

制度安排与区域经济绩效:比较独立后马来西亚和印尼经济绩效差异的制度原因

诺思教授认为制度是一个国家经济增长的源泉。他将新制度经济学的理论工具引入新经济史的分析当中,构建了制度变迁理论,从产权理论、国家理论和意识形态理论三个方面去分析国家和区域经济绩效之间的差异。本文将主要基于诺思的制度变迁理论,并结合新制度经济学的其他相关理论,来分析马来西亚和印尼经济绩效差异的制度原因。     

Situated Payments for Ecosystem Services: Local Agencies in the Implementation of the Sloping Land Conversion Programme in Southwest China

Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) is an innovative initiative to use market instruments for conservation that has spread across the world since the late 1990s. In assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of PES initiatives, global scholarship has focused on an outcome-oriented approach. This has led to debate on PES programmes’ contributions to, and the trade-offs between, conservation and development. Taking the Sloping Land Conversion Programme (SLCP) in China as an example, this article uses a process-oriented analytical approach to provide novel understandings of PES as a specific type of development practice. The article shows how notions of equity and justice, local knowledge and local institutions have played a role in shaping the processes and outcomes of the SLCP. The actions of local stakeholders in an interplay with the state created a space for negotiating, adapting and adjusting PES implementation, which eventually contributed to a local development pathway for meeting both national conservation interests and local economic development needs. This indicates that attention to situated agency can help illuminate how PES can be smoothly implemented and effectively negotiated in developing countries.     

Space of Creative Industries: A Case Study of Spatial Characteristics of Creative Clusters in Shanghai

The rapid rise of creative or cultural industries not only contributes to regional economic growth, but also to a revised spatial model of urban structure, helping in the redevelopment of old town spaces. However, the spatial characteristics of creative clusters, especially at the micro-city level, are not fully understood. This study attempts to characterize the spatiality of creative clusters on the basis of a literature review and empirical study of Shanghai. By using Geographical Information System (GIS) spatial analysis and interviews, this paper examines the spatial features of creative clusters in Shanghai and their connection with urban historical, social, cultural and political aspects. It finds that creative clusters are primarily distributed in particular locations of Shanghai, namely in the inner-city, old industrial districts, places close to universities, Central Business Districts (CBDs), and entertainment and tourist zones. The old colonial zones in Shanghai play an important role in fostering the agglomeration of creative industries because of the special image of these spaces, in particular due to the abundant workshop spaces remaining from the industrial heritage. Great intimacy between creative industries and urban spaces becomes apparent in the case of Shanghai, demonstrating that the creative economy has become an important instrument in regenerating cities. Moreover, a differentiation in space among various categories of creative clusters in Shanghai was also noticed in this study.     

The San-Min Doctrine and the early legislation of the Nanjing government

Shortly after the Nanjing Nationalist government was established, Hu Hanmin and others rejected the existing legal system and proposed instead the San-Min Doctrine legislative principles, which they called society oriented. These principles were derived from Sun Yat-sen’s San-Min Doctrine. A direct manifestation of these legislative principles was the Guomindang’s one-party dictatorship under the system of political tutelage. As the legal system developed during the early period of the Nanjing government, a number of laws were designed to restrain capital and equalize landownership. In his legislative principles, Hu Hanmin understood “obligations centered” to mean “society centered.” When his society-centered principle was applied in laws, the resulting legislation appeared authoritarian in that the state, the nation, and society had the first priority. Therefore, the nature of the political tutelage based on this legislation was closer to feudalism than to modern capitalism.