The New View of Makeup and the Consumption of Cosmetics among the Women of Shanghai in the Modern Age

Under the pressure of the national crisis in modern China, millennia-old traditional concepts have been broken and adjusted, and new trends and ideas have emerged in large numbers. In order to defeat local cosmetics, from the moment they entered China foreign cosmetics companies attacked the traditional Chinese cosmetics of eyebrow pigment (dai), lip pigment (gong), rouge (zhi), and face powder (fen). Corresponding to the enlightenment ideas of the early twentieth century, women could no longer pursue beauty in a way that harmed their bodies. In the movement to liberate women’s bodies in the 1920s, radical intellectuals developed a severe criticism of the bad habits of using corsets and applying powder, and the concept of “healthy beauty” came into being. However, in the context of the development of the women’s liberation movement and the respect for women’s consumer rights, the healthy beauty theory failed to suppress women’s consumption of beauty products, and “natural beauty” and “artificial beauty” ultimately coexisted in lifestyles of women in the modern era of Shanghai.     

The Role of Engineer-in-Chief and the Introduction of Foreign Hydraulic Dredging Technology and River Conservancy into China, 1890s–1930s

This paper discusses studies of the development of river conservancy in modern China, and the role of engineers-in-chief in river improvement planning on rivers such as the Hai-ho (Haihe) and the Whangpoo (Huangpu). It discusses the introduction of foreign hydraulic dredging technology and management into two major Chinese ports. It then analyses the process by which two agencies of the Chinese government absorbed and adjusted this technology to suit local circumstances in the treaty ports of Tianjin and Shanghai beginning in the 1890s. Without prior experience in river conservancy, the conservancy boards adopted a range of foreign technologies. This allowed them to develop into major institutions that facilitated increasing trade flows between China and the rest of the world. Of particular significance in this process of technological change was the role of the expatriate engineers-in-chief who were employed as chief executive officers of both agencies. They were responsible for establishing the operations of the agencies, accommodating an increasing range of responsibilities such as financial and human resource management, and training Chinese engineers and managers for senior positions until they were ready to replace the expatriate engineers-in-chief after the 1930s.     

再论三三制民主的实践——以陕甘宁边区为中心

三三制是中共提出的新民主模式,旨在扩大民主参与、促进社会团结,它是在陕甘宁边区基层民主实践的基础上形成的,吸纳更多的党外民主人士参政议政,扩大了抗日政权的代表性,而在其具体实践中,传统社会文化与现代民主制度,党领导下的"放手"与"包办",无时无刻不潜存着种种张力。回归三三制民主的历史实践,能更好地认识这一民主模式。     

The Carving Technology of the Handle‐Shaped Artefacts from Yinxu (c.1300–1046 bc) in China

The handle‐shaped artefact is a special jade object of the Three Dynasties (c.2000–200 bc ) period. The manufacturing technology and function of the handle‐shaped artefacts are widely questioned. In this paper, two handle‐shaped artefacts from Yinxu (c.1300–1046 bc ) are tested by digital microscope, Raman spectrometer and scanning electron microscope. The results indicate that the handle‐shaped artefacts might be made in four steps, namely rough shape cutting, edge reforming, handle making and single‐side polishing. It also suggests that the handle‐shaped artefacts might be used as sacrificial offerings, but not as hairpins or handles.     

社区居家养老服务条件与质量:基于成都市的调查数据

本文针对成都市的相关数据,建立评价指标体系,对成都市社区居家养老服务条件和质量问题进行了评价。分析表明,该市社区居家养老服务机构的政府资助力度在逐渐扩大,但经营成本、养老服务功能的健全程度、与老年人的精神文化生活的实际需求是否吻合等一些问题,依然是影响这类地区社区居家养老服务质量提高的重要因素。     

Cultural Worldview and Preference for Childhood Vaccination Policy

In the face of the reemerging threat of preventable diseases and the simultaneous vaccine risk controversy, what explains variations in Americans’ policy preferences regarding childhood vaccinations? Using original data from a recent nationwide Internet survey of 1,213 American adults, this research seeks to explain differing public opinions on childhood vaccination policies and related issues of governance. As Mary Douglas and Aaron Wildavsky's grid‐group cultural theory of policy preference formation suggests, cultural biases have a significant impact on the formation of preferences toward various vaccination policies. Hierarchs are in support of mandatory vaccination, oppose religious and philosophical exemption, and believe the government should preside over vaccination‐related decisions. Fatalists strike a bold contrast in their opposition to mandatory vaccination policy and support for religious and philosophical exemptions and the role of parents in deciding on vaccinations. Falling between hierarchs and fatalists, egalitarian support for vaccinations is stronger than individualists‘.     

“诺维科夫报告”与冷战初期的苏联外交政策

1946年苏联驻美大使诺维科夫撰写了一份题为《战后美国外交政策》的报告,这份报告在一定程度上反映了苏联政府对当时世界局势的判断,对冷战爆发前的苏联对外政策产生了某种影响作用。中外学术界对这份报告颇为关注,本文认为如果把诺维科夫报告视为苏联在战后初期外交政策的纲领性文件同凯南的“八千字长电报”相提并论是不确切的。     

编读往来

旅游杂志社主编、编辑: 你们好! 早就想给你们写封信,表达我对这本杂志的喜爱和一些感想,很早,我还在读初中的时候,就看过你们的杂志,并且留下了深刻印象。     

匈牙利，带着忧郁浪漫

初冬的早晨,我习惯性地走在北京地铁熟悉的通道里。身边人擦肩接踵的是这 个时刻固有的熙来攘往的人群,匆忙的,目标明确却少有表情。 对面站台硕大明亮的灯箱广告时时被驶过的列车挡住又让开,那幅匈牙利布达 佩斯的广告已经挂出来很久了:链子桥、多瑙河以及两岸缓缓游动的车河,平 板而过于标致性,却每每都使我再度想起这个曾经匆匆走过的国家,《布达佩 斯之恋》中的那首《忧郁的星期天》,那些故事、场景和细节也会紧跟着回到 感觉里,影片中无论是开始时的清晨还是结束时的夜晚,那长镜头也是如此标 致性地透过链子桥慢慢地一路摇过宽阔的多瑙河,传递着这个国家忧郁而浪漫 的气质。