西北地区农村儿童日常生活时空间特征研究

以甘肃省平凉市华亭县河西村、马家堡村为研究区,采用生活日志调查、感知图像、访谈等方法,获取案例村乡村儿童一周生活日志调查数据、一周生活内容回忆图画以及访谈数据,揭示了西北地区农村儿童日常生活的时空间规律：①学校作息时间、家庭就餐时间是农村儿童日常生活时间节律性的主要控制因素,游戏时间、看电视时间形成日常生活时间节奏的重要节点;周内与周末时间利用具有节奏相似性和内容差异性。②农村儿童日常生活空间类型有限,并且具有动态性,广场、院落周边是农村儿童户外生活的重要场所;③不同类型农村儿童日常生活时空间特征具有差异性,具体表现在留守儿童与父母在家型儿童、男童与女童的差异。研究认为,应从社会生态系统角度全面认识农村儿童日常生活。社会排斥、非社会性行为从社会、心理两方面影响农村儿童日常生活时空间行为。     

西周封国徙封的文献举证——以宜侯夨簋铭文等四篇文献为中心

西周一些重要封国的封地曾经发生过变化,这种变化对西周封国格局和国家的政治进程产生深刻影响。虽然之前已经有学者提醒注意,但一直未能举出文献中对于徙封直接记载的条目,也不清楚文献中是否有关于徙封的直接表述。分析可知,宜侯夨簋、邢侯簋、《诗经·閟宫》、《诗经·崧高》四篇周代文献中"迁侯于宜"、"■邢侯服"、"俾侯于东"、"于邑于谢"就分别是对虞、邢、鲁、申四国徙封的明确记述。这些文献还揭示了西周封国徙封的一些细节和特征。找到了文献例证,未来可以在更稳妥的基础上探索西周封国徙封问题。     

唐代越窑秘色瓷原产地地理考辨

从唐代越窑遗存来看,窑址相对集中在上虞曹娥江流域和慈溪上林湖四周。何处才是越窑秘色瓷的原产地?至今学术界还没有找到确凿的实物证据,也没有地方志记载,只有唐诗对越窑秘色瓷的记载较为详细。本文通过研读有关描写越窑、越瓷的唐诗,实地考证诗文中记载的越瓷产地的人物、地名和相关典故,结合窑址附近出土的墓葬志文和族谱,提出秘色瓷原产地"上虞说"的观点。     

Chemical Analysis of Starch‐Like Mineral Crystals to Eliminate Misidentification in Ancient Residue Research

To clarify issues involved in problematic identification of ancient starch granules, we investigated suspected granules found in residues from a Neolithic grinding stone in north‐east China. The chemical compositions of suspected granules and modern starch granules were tested via SEM–EDS. The results show that the elemental composition of the suspected granules mainly comprises O, S and Ca, which is similar to the composition of calcium sulphate, but quite different from that of real starch granules, which show high levels of C and O, with very low level of other elements. The findings in this study act as a warning that tiny mineral granules may be misidentified as starch, and also indicate that the method of SEM–EDS can be useful to confirm the nature of suspected granules in ancient starch analysis.     

基于ASEB栅格的西安市文化遗产旅游分析研究

文章利用ASEB栅格分析法,通过对游客的随机访谈,分析了西安市文化遗产旅游的优势条件、劣势因素、机遇因素、以及制约发展的潜在因素,在坚持西安市文化遗产旅游发展不脱离文化原真性的原则下提出了其文化遗产旅游发展的族谱体系和开发对策建议,以实现其持续健康发展。     

Modification of Ductility Reduction Factor for Strength Eccentric Structures Subjected to Pulse-Like Ground Motions

This article investigates the ductility reduction factors for RC eccentric frame structures subjected to pulse-like ground motions. The structural models are with the strength eccentricities which are much disadvantageous than the stiffness eccentricities during the inelastic response range. A method to determine the ductility reduction factors of the strength eccentric structures is suggested by modifying those of reference symmetric structures through an eccentricity modification factor. The four factors of strength eccentricity ratio, ductility ratio, story number and velocity pulse of ground motions, are investigated to gain insight into this modification factor. It shows that the ductility reduction factors of the eccentric structures are clearly smaller than those of the symmetric structures. The eccentricity modification factor is mainly affected by the strength eccentricity and the ductility ratio, decreasing with the increment of the eccentricity or the decrement of the ductility ratio in a medium eccentricity range. The earthquake pulse-like effect and the eccentricity have coupling influence on the modification factor, while the effect of story number is not apparent. Based on the results of a comprehensive statistical study a simplified expression is suggested, which can estimate the eccentricity modification factors for both pulse-like and nonpulse-like ground motion cases.     

New data on the singularly rare ‘cockroachoids’ from Xiaheyan (Pennsylvanian; Ningxia,China)

Wei, D.D., Béthoux, O., Guo, Y.X., Schneider, J.W. & Ren D., 2013. New data on the singularly rare ‘cockroachoids’ from Xiaheyan (Pennsylvanian; Ningxia, China). Alcheringa 37, 547–557. ISSN 0311-5518.

Additional material of stem-Dictyoptera, or ‘cockroachoids’, is described from the Early Pennsylvanian Xiaheyan locality (Zhongwei City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China). New specimens belonging to Qilianiblatta namurensis Zhang et al., 2012 Zhang, Z., Schneider, J.W. & Hong, Y., 2012. The most ancient roach (Blattida): A new genus and species from the earliest Late Carboniferous (Namurian) of China, with discussion on the phylomorphogeny of early blattids. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 11, 27–40.[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] are described, as are several specimens belonging to a new species (viz., Kinklidoblatta youhei sp. nov.). Three further specimens might represent additional species, to be better documented before they could be formally named. The occurrence of a ‘vannus’ in forewings of K. youhei sp. nov. is demonstrated, and discussed in the light of data on extant Dictyoptera. The low abundance and comparatively low diversity of the group in the locality is challenging, and might be a consequence of taphonomic bias.

Dandan Wei [weidandanok@126.com], Yinxia Guo [kuaile422@163.com] and Dong Ren [rendong@mail.cnu.edu.cn], College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China; Olivier Béthoux [obethoux@mnhn.fr], CR2P UMR 7207, MNHN, UPMC, CNRS, eight rue Buffon, CP38, F-75005, Paris, France; Jörg W. Schneider [joerg.schneider@geo.tu-freiberg.de], Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Geology, Department of Palaeontology, Bernhard-von-Cotta Str. 2, D-09596 Freiberg, Germany. Received 22.3.2013; revised 17.5.2013; accepted 23.5.2013.     

The long-ranging macroalga Grypania spiralis from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation,Guizhou, South China

Wang, Y., Wang, Y. & Du, W., February 2016. The long-ranging macroalga Grypania spiralis from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation, Guizhou, South China. Alcheringa 40, xxx–xxx. ISSN 0311-5518

Grypania spiralis (Walcott) Walter et al., a macroalga previously reported in pre-Ediacaran successions, has been collected, together with abundant macrofossils (i.e., the Wenghui biota), from black shales of the upper Doushantuo Formation (ca 593 to 551 Ma) in northeastern Guizhou, South China. Morphologically, G. spiralis represents a carbonaceous ribbon with a continuum of forms from coiled to nearly straight. Its helicoid main body might have been suspended in the water column for photosynthesis with one end anchored or nestled into soft sediments. Grypania possessed morphological stability, and its habit endowed great competitiveness for sunlight. Remarkably, it did not change significantly in size or morphology over more than 1200 Myrs.

Ye Wang [gboywangye@126.com], School of Earth Sciences and Resources, PR China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; Yue Wang [gzyuewang@126.com] (corresponding author), School of Resources and Environments, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550003, PR China; Wei Du [duwei@ea.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp], Department of Earth Science and Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.     

古书成书研究再反思——以清华简“书”类文献为中心

近年来,出土简帛书籍的大量发现为重新审视古书成书与流传的过程提供了许多新认识。通过将清华简中的"书"类文献与《尚书》、《逸周书》的流传进行对比,可以明显地体会到我们对古书成书复杂程度的估计严重不足,对其在流传过程中的未知因素了解还是太少。如果要对古书的成书年代进行准确把握,就必须首先了解古书"层累"作成的过程,并深入开展文本中每一处篇章字句来源与时代的考察。在考虑古书文本的流变时,还应适当考虑书写载体对文本演变起到的作用,而汉代人的古书整理工作对传世文本产生的影响也是考虑古书流传问题时不容忽视的。     

生物酶对跨湖桥遗址丝状真菌抑菌作用的研究

确定萧山跨湖桥遗址空气、土壤、字幕墙和独木舟侵蚀丝状真菌的种类,探讨生物酶对侵蚀丝状真菌的有效抑菌浓度,为消除生物危害提供参考依据。采用经典方法对侵蚀丝状真菌进行分离、鉴定,并对生物酶的有效抑菌浓度进行研究。空气中主要的丝状真菌有:黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、土曲霉(Aspergillus terreus)、展青霉(Penicillium patulum)和圆弧青霉(Penicillium cyclopium)。土壤中主导菌为黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、土曲霉(Aspergillus terreus)、聚多曲霉(Aspergillus sydowii)、杂色曲霉(Aspergillus versicolor)、圆弧青霉(Penicillium cyclopium)、展青霉(Penicillium patulum)、黑青霉(Penicillium nigricans)、宛氏拟青霉(Paecilomyces varioti)和枝孢霉(Cladosporium)。字幕墙侵染菌为杂色曲霉(Aspergillus versicolor)。独木舟侵蚀菌为宛氏拟青霉(Paecilomyces varioti)。不同的丝状真菌对生物酶的感应性/耐受性有很大不同。单一的几丁质酶对丝状真菌的生长发育有抑制作用,但几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶的复合协同作用更能有效地抑制丝状真菌的生长发育。