清代志桩及黄河“水报”制度运作初探——以陕州万锦滩为例

清代以来,黄河河患频仍,政府出于保护漕粮运道和维护政治秩序的考虑,以合法继承者的姿态积极应对洪水风险造成的影响,希求掌控辖境内水文环境信息,以便实现有效的管理。清政府在沿黄河等堤岸滩坝工程之上普遍设立了志桩,用来观测洪水水位涨落尺寸等水势情况。上游部分志桩所测水情信息通过国家驿传体系传递至下游,并最终以奏报的形式递至中央。本文考察了清代志桩的设立情况,并通过万锦滩志桩的设立过程、制度规定,以及相关河印官员在"水报"中的配置和作用,对清代志桩"水报"制度的运作过程进行初步研究。     

北首岭遗址仰韶文化早期遗存研究

宝鸡北首岭遗址以仰韶文化遗存为主,并有少量的老官台文化遗存。其仰韶文化遗存大致可分为庙底沟类型期、半坡类型期以及早于半坡类型的仰韶文化早期遗存。仰韶文化早期遗存是北首岭遗址最主要的一类遗存,可称作"仰韶文化一期北首岭类型"。它发展为"仰韶文化二期半坡类型",年代在公元前5100~4500年。     

清代前期账局、放账铺研究--以五种账局、放账铺清单的解读为中心

清代前期不但有资本规模较大,主要针对商号及官员放贷的大账局,也有资本规模较小,可能针对小商人、小手工业者甚至地主农民放贷的放账铺。至少从乾隆年间开始,账局、放账铺已经比较普遍地运用合伙制的方式筹措资本。账局的重要业务之一就是对官员放京债,这种放贷利率高、数额大,但风险也甚高。与此同时,账局也开始大规模地对商号商人放贷,每家较大型的账局至少可能对三十至五十家以上的商号放贷,放贷数额常到一千两以上,最少也有一百两。这种放贷,直至道光年间还很兴盛。账局、放账铺已经具有了商业银行的功能,但是否够得上商业银行,还须进一步探讨。     

旅游目的地选择行为的收入群体差异——以北京、武汉、西安城镇居民为例

以北京、武汉、西安城镇居民为例,探究旅游目的地选择行为的收入群体差异。研究发现,不同收入群体的旅游目的地选择行为存在明显差异,具体表现在：①不同收入群体的景区到访率均随距离的增加呈e指数衰减,但衰减速率存在收入群体差异,收入越高的群体,到访率距离衰减速率相对越小。②中国城镇居民的国内旅游目的地选择行为具有“距离择近,景点择高,经济择富”的“三择”倾向,但不同收入群体的“三择”程度不同,收入越低的群体,“距离择近,经济择富”的倾向越明显。③不同收入群体到访率空间分异趋势一致,但高到访率空间大小不同,收入越高的群体,高到访率空间越大。④目的地亲景度存在收入群体差异,收入越高的群体,目的地亲景度越高。     

The Role of Engineer-in-Chief and the Introduction of Foreign Hydraulic Dredging Technology and River Conservancy into China, 1890s–1930s

This paper discusses studies of the development of river conservancy in modern China, and the role of engineers-in-chief in river improvement planning on rivers such as the Hai-ho (Haihe) and the Whangpoo (Huangpu). It discusses the introduction of foreign hydraulic dredging technology and management into two major Chinese ports. It then analyses the process by which two agencies of the Chinese government absorbed and adjusted this technology to suit local circumstances in the treaty ports of Tianjin and Shanghai beginning in the 1890s. Without prior experience in river conservancy, the conservancy boards adopted a range of foreign technologies. This allowed them to develop into major institutions that facilitated increasing trade flows between China and the rest of the world. Of particular significance in this process of technological change was the role of the expatriate engineers-in-chief who were employed as chief executive officers of both agencies. They were responsible for establishing the operations of the agencies, accommodating an increasing range of responsibilities such as financial and human resource management, and training Chinese engineers and managers for senior positions until they were ready to replace the expatriate engineers-in-chief after the 1930s.     

社区居家养老服务条件与质量:基于成都市的调查数据

本文针对成都市的相关数据,建立评价指标体系,对成都市社区居家养老服务条件和质量问题进行了评价。分析表明,该市社区居家养老服务机构的政府资助力度在逐渐扩大,但经营成本、养老服务功能的健全程度、与老年人的精神文化生活的实际需求是否吻合等一些问题,依然是影响这类地区社区居家养老服务质量提高的重要因素。     

浅谈担当书画的真伪识别

<正>担当(1593-1673年)是云南明清之交伟大的艺术家,他为后人留下了丰富的作品,近年来,"担当热"愈演愈烈,我们一方面为之欣慰,另一方面也不免有些担忧,忧的是一些担当书画伪作也沉渣泛起,鱼目混珠,有的甚至堂而皇之地出现在专业的书籍上,给研究者、文物爱好者带来了不少迷惑。由于大多数人无法亲自批阅担当真迹,仅通过印刷品来赏析比较,失误难免。借助于在云南省博物馆工作的便利,本人通过对担当书画作品的真伪对比,简单地介绍鉴定担当书画真伪的方法,谈一点     

中国入境外国游客旅游行为研究

在心理测试量表调查的基础上,利用心理学实验,归纳,演绎推理,行为意象图,数理统计等分析方法,从游客决策行为、空间行为、旅游文化行为切入,研究中国热点城市日韩、北美、东南亚、欧洲客源市场游客的行为规律及其制约因素,构建主要群体入境游客的旅游行为模式,发现了入境外国游客旅游选择偏好、时空动态规律;探讨旅游决策的主导模式、范式和影响决策的可控因素;研究"文化边际域"中的跨文化冲突特征和旅游认知预期衰减效应模式;揭示了旅游意愿评价、旅游感知评价数量模型和四种不同群体游客文化交互模式。并提出了适应外国游客旅游行为的相应对策建议。     

裴头陀“驱蟒、开山、得金”等传说探赜

裴头陀是镇江金山悠久历史和丰富文化的重要组成。文章通过对镇江金山寺第二代开山祖师裴头陀若干传说进行文献考证,揭示从五代以来"头陀开山得金—裴头陀驱蟒得金建寺—裴休送子出家、裴头陀金山驱蟒建寺—法海就是裴头陀"的故事演变脉络,认为金山寺与南方各寺院故事相互融合演化,从而形成近代的传播格局,在僧俗界形成广泛影响;金山法海的法力来自佛教徒宣扬裴头陀的故事;金山裴头陀的传说与南方沿海各地裴真人、裴仙的民间信仰有着特殊渊源,是佛仙合流的另一种形式。     

BEYOND THE GPN–NEW REGIONALISM DIVIDE IN CHINA: RESTRUCTURING THE CLOTHING INDUSTRY,REMAKING THE WENZHOU MODEL

This article attempts to advance the research on industrial districts and regional development through a study of the restructuring of the clothing industry in Wenzhou Municipality, a regional driver of the Chinese economy. Wenzhou is known for the Wenzhou model of development traditionally centred on family‐owned small businesses embedded in local institutions. The clothing industry is one of the leading industries in Wenzhou, and a cluster with national significance has emerged, where most of the production components can be purchased locally. However, the industry has been scaled up nationally and internationally, with the expansion of sales networks and production facilities across China, and to a lesser extent, abroad. This restructuring has changed the endogenous nature of industrial clusters/districts. The restructuring challenges the orthodox notion of the Wenzhou model and the New Regionalism literature, particularly the orthodox notion of Marshallian industrial districts that overly emphasizes small firms and local assets, and the global production network perspective that highlights coupling with global lead firms in regional development.