“苑玺”考

《古玺汇编》0358是一方楚玺,首字未识,我们认为此字应分析为从阜,夗声,奂亦声,在玺文中疑读作"苑"。苑玺,是掌管苑囿的官员所用玺印。此官大概相当于《周礼》中的"囿人"。     

近代早期不列颠空间整合及类型论

近代早期英国统治阶级在向海外迅猛扩张的同时,也对威尔士、苏格兰和爱尔兰等地进行了全面的整合,逐步将其纳入到一体化的政治空间结构之中,从而构成不列颠空间扩展的内部维度。这种空间内部扩展与英国社会的经济发展、制度变迁和海外殖民等运动相结合,构成了英国社会转型整体框架和基本内容。同时,这种空间整合为时漫长,方式途径不一,形成了三种不同的类型,并对英国社会发展变革的整体进程产生了重大影响。     

元代云南赋税征银考

历史上云南是我国白银主要产地之一,元世祖平大理后,云南与内地间的经济联系进一步加强,蒙元政府结合云南实际,采取了为当地各族民众接受的赋税征银政策,通过差发征银、税粮折银、银矿课税、土司贡赋纳银等等途径,取得了相当数量的白银。蒙元政府进而通过出钞收银、以贝易银等途径,将所取得的白银转输内地。元代云南赋税征银,仍属于实物税,与内地的货币税有较大差别。但对云南白银矿企业的发展和内地白银货币化起到了积极的推动作用。     

古老的人身装饰艺术—绘身与纹身

绘身与文身是既古老而又时尚的人体装饰艺术。从广义上讲,人体装饰是人类的一种化装行为,但是绘身与文身并不同于一般的生活化装与艺术化装。生活化装需要配合一些供人体穿戴、佩带的精美装饰品,这些装饰品可以脱离人体而存在。艺术化装以表演为目的,要服从于表演的内容,依附表演主体而存在,其独立的意义微乎其微。     

“明线刻司马迁骨质牌饰”考辨

馆藏牌饰,原名有误,应为明线刻司马迁骨质牌饰。本文从用材、画像、书刻、圈椅等方面进行考证,均具有明代特征。正面线刻人物与背面刻书互为印证,反映同一主题,即"史圣"司马迁。刻书内容广博,用《龙门史》喻《史记》,并与汉代诸家相较,无以比肩。牌饰正面所表现的圈椅,在已发表的家具资料中不见,为研究明式家具提供了新资料。牌饰材质的探讨也为区别牙质与骨质提供了范例。     

Elemental Characterization by EDXRF of Imperial Longquan Celadon Porcelain Excavated from Fengdongyan Kiln,Dayao County

A mass of Longquan porcelain shards carved with ‘Guan’ or the dragon patterns were unearthed in the early Ming Dynasty layer of the Fengdongyan kiln site at Dayao County. These celadon shards were fired in the Hongwu and Yongle eras of the Ming Dynasty. In order to research the raw materials and firing technology of the imperial porcelain, 85 typical shards were analysed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The results indicate that the contents of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ in the body vary in the Hongwu and Yongle eras. Compared with Longquan glazes in the Southern Song Dynasty, the average values of K₂O, Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂ are higher, but that of CaO is lower in early Ming imperial porcelain glazes. Principal components analysis (PCA) shows that different degrees of elutriation of the same raw materials are the main reason for this difference in the Hongwu and Yongle periods. However, the raw materials of imperial porcelain glazes show no obvious changes and have inherited the earlier tradition. The production and firing technology of imperial porcelain reached a higher level and had not declined in the Early Ming Dynasty.     

古代铁器腐蚀产物的结构特征

运用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和穆斯堡尔谱分析方法,对河南渑池出土的T_1H_1∶250汉代铁斧表面腐蚀物进行了研究。提出了铁器文物抗腐蚀的原因在于表面氧化膜具有结构上的连续性、改密而不破损。铁器文物最理想的保存环境应该是碱性、干燥无水、无硫、氯等有害元素。     

Tracing the origin of Chinese early white porcelain in the late sixth century—evidence from Xing kiln

As the criterion used by archaeologists for determining early white porcelain is quite ambiguous, the origin of Chinese white porcelain remains a point of disagreement. In this study, we systematically investigate 61 typical Xing porcelains of the late Northern dynasties to the early Sui dynasty (550–600 CE) using spectrophotometer, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and analyze the differences between early white porcelain and celadon of Xing kiln in terms of their whiteness and raw materials characteristic. The results show that early white porcelain is a new type of ware that differs from celadon, which can be distinguished by whiteness, with a whiteness greater than 8% being early white porcelain and a whiteness less than 8% being celadon. It is assumed that the ancient potters created the whiter wares based on celadon by improving the glaze and selecting new raw materials for the body, but the production of this type of ware was short lived and subsequently refined in the Sui dynasty (581–618 CE) owing to the limited improvement in whiteness.     

唐苏三夫人墓出土文物

西安市东郊韩森寨某单位近期基建时发现一座唐墓,由于未按工程程序和文物保护政策施工,使唐墓遭到破坏,仅收集一批出土的文物,其中有金首饰掐丝镶嵌宝玉石花头钗,较为罕见,现对出土文物介绍如下：