Conodont fauna and biostratigraphy of the Honghuayuan Formation (Early Ordovician) of Guizhou,South China

Serratognathus diversus An, Cornuodus longibasis (Lindström), Drepanodus arcuatus Pander, and eleven other less common conodonts, including Cornuodus? sp., Oistodus lanceolatus, Protopanderodus gradatus, Protoprioniodus simplicissimus, Juanognathus variabilis, Nasusgnathus dolonus, Paltodus? sp., Scolopodus houlianzhaiensis, Semiacontiodus apterus, Semiacontiodus sp. cf. S. cornuformis and Serratognathoides? sp., are described and illustrated from the Honghuayuan Formation in Guizhou, South China, concluding revision of the conodont fauna from this unit, which comprises 24 species in total. The most distinctive species in the fauna, S. diversus, consists of a trimembrate apparatus, including symmetrical Sa, asymmetrical Sb and strongly asymmetrical Sc elements. This species concept is supported by the absence of any other element types in a large collection represented by nearly 500 specimens of this species. The fauna indicates a late Tremadocian to mid-Floian age (Early Ordovician) for the Honghuayuan Formation, which was widely distributed on the Yangtze Platform in shallow water environments. Previously published biostratigraphic zonations for the Honghuayuan Formation are reviewed, and revised on the basis of our knowledge of the entire conodont fauna, supporting the establishment of three biozones, Triangulodus bifidus, Serratognathus diversus, and Prioniodus honghuayanensis biozones in ascending order. Species of Serratognathus enable correlation between Ordovician successions of South China, North China (North China Platform and Ordos Basin), Tarim Basin, and further afield into Malaysia and northwestern Australia.     

论析帕麦斯顿时期英美平等关系的确立

19世纪中期,英国面临美国追求平等的挑战。虽然帕麦斯顿首相在维护英帝国利益时,惯以海外用兵或以武力相威胁,但面对来自美国的挑战,他却常受掣肘以至有所妥协。这不仅为日后美国的崛起奠定了基础,而且挑战了大国间"难逃权力和平转移厄运"的观点。为此,探析帕麦斯顿时期的英美关系是必要的。毫无疑问,加拿大易受美国攻击的考虑、英美之间日趋互补的经贸关系、困扰英国的欧洲时局等均为重要原因。然而,英美在磨合过程中形成的对世界体系的认同,则是促使拥有全球利益的英国最后接受美国以平等地位加入其主导的世界体系的主要考虑。     

Design Earthquake Ground Motion Prediction for Perth Metropolitan Area with Microtremor Measurements for Site Characterization

Perth is the largest city in Western Australia and home to three-quarters of the state's residents. In recent decades, there have been a lot of earthquake activities just east of Perth in an area known as the South-West Seismic Zone. Previous numerical results of site response analyses based on limited available geology information for PMA indicated that Perth Basin might amplify the bedrock motion by more than 10 times at some frequencies and at some sites. Hence, more detailed studies on site characterization and amplification are necessary. The microtremor method using spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) processing is a useful tool for gaining thickness and shear wave velocity (SWV) of sediments and has been adopted in many previous studies. In this study, the response spectrum of rock site corresponding to the 475-year return period for PMA is defined according to the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) based on the latest ground motion attenuation model of Southwest Western Australia. Site characterization in PMA is performed using two microtremor measurements, namely SPAC technique and H/V method. The clonal selection algorithm (CSA) is introduced to perform direct inversion of SPAC curves to determine the soil profiles of representative PMA sites investigated in this study. Using the simulated bedrock motion as input, the responses of the soil sites are estimated using numerical method based on the shear-wave velocity vs. depth profiles determined from the SPAC technique. The response spectrum of the earthquake ground motion on surface of each site is derived from the numerical results of the site response analysis, and compared with the respective design spectrum defined in the Australian Earthquake Loading Code. The comparison shows that the code spectra are conservative in the short period range, but may slightly underestimate the response spectrum at some long period range.     

Nested Lumped-Parameter Model for Foundation with Strongly Frequency-dependent Impedance

A nested lumped-parameter model (LPM) consisting of frequency-independent springs and dashpots is proposed to represent the foundation-soil dynamic system with strongly frequency-dependent impedance in time domain. Due to the convergence and robustness of the complex Chebyshev polynomial, it is used to approximate the dynamic flexibility of the foundation by least-square curve-fitting technique. The comparisons with existing LPMs show that the present model can express the impedance by using a small number of elements and reduce oscillation of the solution appearing in simple polynomial approximations. Finally, several examples of foundations with irregular geometries are presented to show the application of nested LPMs.     

Experimental and Finite Element Analytical Investigation of Seismic Behavior of Full-Scale Masonry Infilled RC Frames

This article investigates the seismic behavior of masonry infilled RC frames with/without openings. Four full-scale, single-story, and single-bay specimens were tested under constant vertical loads and quasi-static cyclic lateral loads. The experimental results showed that the infill wall was more influential in stiffness than in load-resisting capacity. The opening increased the ductility ratio of the structure due to the uniform distribution and slow propagation of cracks. Finally, simplified micro finite element models are established to simulate the tested specimens, which effectively predict the load-displacement response of the structures and the crack damage of masonry infill wall with acceptable accuracy.     

Microseismic Signal Spectra,Energy Characteristics,and Fractal Features Prior to Rock Burst: A Case Study from the Qianqiu Coal Mine,China

Microseismic (MS) technology has been widely adopted for monitoring coal and rock dynamic disasters. Insights into MS wave characteristics contribute to the accurate prediction of these disasters. In this study, MS wave characteristics were analysed from three aspects: the signal spectra, wavelet packet energy and fractal features. It is shown that prior to the rock burst, the MS wave main frequency decreased following a power law, the amplitude linearly increased, the wavelet packet energy tended to become concentrated on the low frequency bands, and the correlation dimension decreased. When the rock burst occurred, the MS wave main frequency, wavelet packet energy and correlation dimension declined to their lowest levels. Meanwhile, the amplitude rose to a maximum. Therefore, the MS wave characteristics in this study were found to effectively identify and extract precursor information of value for predicting rock dynamic disasters.     

Sexual harassment in Korean college classrooms: how self-construal and gender affect students' reporting behavior

This article examines the reasons why women students may hesitate to report sexual harassment. The research draws on the notion of ‘self-construal’. Self-construal is a form of self-identification in social relationships, which in this case relates, in particular, to gender within cultural environments in Korea. For the purposes of this research, a survey was conducted with 298 Korean college students from 7 to 14 March 2006. The results showed that different types of self-construal had different influences on Korean college students' and their reporting of sexual harassment, whereas gender did not. Grounded in the theoretical framework of self-construal, people with independent self-construal were found to express their uncomfortable feelings and to report to the university counseling center, whereas people with interdependent self-construal did not. Furthermore, we found that women were more likely than men to directly express their opinions and report sexual harassment to the university counseling center. Men are also harassed by women colleagues or students but are often more reluctant than women to recognize their experiences as ‘sexual harassment’ because of the stereotype that men are the perpetrators of this behavior, not its victims, and because they fear ‘loss of face.’ It is necessary to engage not just with femininity but also with masculinity and the relationship between these constructs because they are both temporally and geographically contingent.     

华光礁Ⅰ号出水瓷器脱盐方法研究

"华光礁Ⅰ号"南宋沉船出水了大量的陶瓷器文物,本文利用电导率仪及离子色谱等方法,分析了相关样品的含盐量,同时对各种脱盐方法进行了实时监测,并最终筛选出了最为有效的脱盐方法。     

询簋新探

对于金文啻官■一词,学者们已有多种看法,笔者认为释啻为嫡当是正确的,但笼统的认为"啻官■"为嫡长子世袭某官或者世袭之官的意思却是不妥的,嫡有"正"和"直系的"等意。从孝王时开始,秦始成为周之附庸。近来有学者认为询应当为师酉之祖父,并将询簋定在恭王世,笔者认为与史实相悖。我们在为其母作器的西周金文中,从未见到称其母氏加母姓的例子,如将师酉簋中的■当作氏称,则不符合西周金文的通例。从各方面综合来看,师酉当为询之父。     

在中国社会科学院考古研究所成立60周年庆祝大会上的讲话

At the Celebration of the 60th Anniversary of the Founding of the Institute of Archaeology,CASS,Mr. Wang Weiguang,the Executive Vice President of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,made zealous speech. After briefly reviewed the achievements of the Institute of Archaeology in the past 60 years,he emphasized the function of archaeology in the researches on prehistory and ancient history of China,the preservation of historic and cultural heritages and the stimulation of the patriotic feeling,and the important...