Late Silurian trace fossils from the Melbourne Formation,Studley Park,Victoria, southeastern Australia

An ichnoassemblage of 10 ichnospecies is described for the first time from the Late Silurian Melbourne Formation at Studley Park, Victoria, southeastern Australia. The ichnofauna is preserved in a typical deep-water turbidite succession of alternating thin- to thick-bedded sandstone and thin- to medium-bedded mudrocks. Trace fossils observed within the study site have been assigned to three main ichnofacies. Ichnofacies 1 is best developed on the linguoid-rippled upper surface of thin sandstone beds and includes Laevicyclus, Aulichnites, Nereites, Helminthoidichnites, small Chondrites and possible Zoophycos. Ichnofacies 2 is very similar to Ichnofacies 1 in ichnospecies composition but instead contains large forms of Chondrites together with other thin burrow types usually poorly preserved and in very low abundance compared with Ichnofacies 1. Ichnofacies 3 is preserved mainly as casts on the underside of medium- to thick-bedded turbiditic sandstones, and has a very low diversity, with Planolites being the most common trace. A detailed analysis of the ichnofabrics and tiering structures of these ichnofacies suggest that Ichnofacies 1 and 3 represent ‘simple tiering’, in contrast to Ichnofacies 2, which is more characteristic of ‘complex tiering’. Despite the differences in ichnospecies composition and ichnofabrics between the three recognized ichnofacies, the collective ichnoassemblage from the study site can be assigned confidently to the Nereites ichnofacies and is, therefore, interpreted to have formed in a distal submarine fan environment of lower bathyal to abyssal depth. Further, it is possible to recognize two main subenvironments within this deep-sea setting to account for the differences between the ichnofacies. Ichnofacies 1 and 2 are interpreted to represent a typical Nereites ichnofacies located on a level basin floor subenvironment of relatively low energy conditions at the distal end of a submarine fan deposit. In comparison, Ichnofacies 3 is dominated by Planolites with rare other facies-crossing trace fossil forms, and lacks Nereites. It is, therefore, best interpreted as representing a relatively high-energy environment, possibly a distributary channel near the distal end of the submarine fan system.     

A new Changhsingian (Late Permian) brachiopod fauna from the Zhongzhai section (South China) Part 3: Productida

Zhang, Y., He, W.H., Shi, G.R., Zhang, K.X. & Wu, H.T., 26.2.2015. A new Changhsingian (Late Permian) brachiopod fauna from the Zhongzhai section (South China) Part 3: Productida. Alcheringa 39, xxx–xxx. ISSN 0311-5518.

As the third and last part of a systematic palaeontological study of the brachiopod fauna from the Permian–Triassic boundary section at Zhongzhai in Guizhou Province (South China), this paper reports 15 species (including three new species: Tethyochonetes minor sp. nov., Neochonetes (Zhongyingia) transversa sp. nov., Paryphella acutula sp. nov.) in Order Productida. In addition, the morphological features and definitions of several key Changhsingian brachiopod taxa (e.g., Paryphella and Oldhamina interrupta) are clarified and revised.

Yang Zhang* [zhangy05@163.com] and G.R. Shi [guang.shi@deakin.edu.au], School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; Weihong He [whzhang@cug.edu.cn] and Kexin Zhang [kx_zhang@cug.edu.cn], State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Hongshan, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Huiting Wu [ht_wu415@163.com], Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Hongshan, Wuhan 430074, PR China. *Also affiliated with: Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Hongshan, Wuhan 430074, PR China.     

论析帕麦斯顿时期英美平等关系的确立

19世纪中期,英国面临美国追求平等的挑战。虽然帕麦斯顿首相在维护英帝国利益时,惯以海外用兵或以武力相威胁,但面对来自美国的挑战,他却常受掣肘以至有所妥协。这不仅为日后美国的崛起奠定了基础,而且挑战了大国间"难逃权力和平转移厄运"的观点。为此,探析帕麦斯顿时期的英美关系是必要的。毫无疑问,加拿大易受美国攻击的考虑、英美之间日趋互补的经贸关系、困扰英国的欧洲时局等均为重要原因。然而,英美在磨合过程中形成的对世界体系的认同,则是促使拥有全球利益的英国最后接受美国以平等地位加入其主导的世界体系的主要考虑。     

黎庶昌“使外文学”作品的变革意识及其中西文化取向

黎庶昌是晚清最早常驻欧洲的外交官之一,其儒学修养中的变革意识,使其在面对中外异质文化之时,适应性地采取了积极的应变策略.黎庶昌的变革意识在其“使外文学”作品中突出地表现为坚持儒学文化本位,主张中西文化的融合与贯通,并由此而萌发了学习西方的文化自觉.     

鲁迅的民族思想与历史观

介绍鲁迅的历史观和民族思想.鲁迅的历史观有三个要点,一个诉求.即:人的、进化的、改革的历史观,和一个要解除主奴关系诉求.同时提出了“一切都是中间路”的重要观点.另外鲁迅的民族思想有对外,对内两大部分.对外他反对外国列强民族侵略中国,也批判中国强大以后去侵略别人.对内他从原来接受中国传统华夷之辨的思想,到辛亥革命以后改变为赞成各个民族平等、独立、和睦相处,共同发展的思想.     

从“社区参与”走向“社区增权”——开平碉楼与村落为例

社区增权是社区参与内涵的进一步拓展,是提升社区参与有效性的重要途径。要使社区参与真正落到实处,使社区居民能够真正获益于旅游发展,亟需通过不同层面的增权,凸显社区居民在旅游开发中的主体地位。鉴于此,本研究以开平碉楼与村落为例,分析了旅游开发中社区参与现状及问题,并提出通过从经济、心理、社会和政治等四个不同层面实现增权,探索村落遗产地提高社区参与有效性的途径,以期为旅游行政管理部门科学制定决策提供理论依据和实践建议。     

跨学科方法与冷战史研究

就研究方法而言,受兰克史学观念的影响,中国的冷战史研究长期以来以档案研究和传统叙事为主,急需跨学科理论与方法的引入。国际关系理论、文化研究方法和社会性别理论可以帮助冷战史学者提出新问题、发现新领域、挖掘新材料和建立新解释。跨学科理论和方法的引入不仅不会削弱冷战史的史学色彩,反而会加强冷战史的人文特性,并有助于建立起关于冷战史的新叙事。     

中国古代之“冲”小考——兼论汉景帝阳陵出土“攻城破门器”的命名

冲是我国古代重要的攻守器具,先秦时代已经出现,文献如<诗经>、<墨子>以及后世兵书多有记载.古代之冲可分两种,一种是作为攻城器具之冲,即冲车;一种是作为守城器具之冲,秦汉以前文献称作"飞冲".两种冲之功用都是凭借冲槌的冲击力撞击敌方城墙、城门或者其它设施,故有的文献又称其为"撞车"[1].     

凌廷堪“以礼代理”的礼学思想研究

“礼”在清代受到学术界前所未有的重视,清儒对礼的讨论,明清之际多研究国家制度层面的礼制问题,其后渐集中在社会礼俗,以及伦理关系的实践问题上。文章就凌延堪对《礼经》的释例析辨,以明其礼学思想的内涵,借以彰显清代实学思想的学术特色,除阐述其生平著作及思想形成的背景外,分别从“理”、“礼”之辩,及学礼复性、制礼节性说明礼之实践及通经致用的实现,并在结论中针对其礼学思想内涵作一扼要省思。     

隋唐大运河线性文化遗产特点及保护方式初探——以安徽段大运河为例

隋唐大运河是一类典型的线性文化遗产。它贯通南北,通航长达八朝,漕运惠及全国,是中国历史上最为高效和最有影响力的南北经济文化资源交互传播线路。对于它的保护,首先必须开展资源调查,摸清家底,然后以点带面,实施重点保护。同时,还要分析问题,统筹兼顾,整体保护。