Book Reviews and Short Notices

De Villiers, P., La Chienne qui miaule (Albin Michel, 1990), 219 pp., 85F., ISBN 2 226 04131 1

De Villiers, P., Notre Europe sans Maastricht (Albin Michel, 1992), 156 pp., 80F., ISBN 2 226 06135 5

De Villiers, P., Avant qu'il ne soit trop tard (Albin Michel, 1993), 244pp., 89F., ISBN 2 226 06159 2

De Villiers, P., La Société de connivence ou comment faire avaler des serpents à sonnette (Albin Michel, 1994), 181 pp., 89F., ISBN 2 226 06918 6

De Villiers, P., Dictionnaire du politiquement correct à la française (Albin Michel, 1996), 201 pp., 89F., ISBN 2 226 08555 6     

The Nature of Things: Dead Labor, Nonhuman Actors, and the Persistence of Marxism

This article is about the question of social agency in the animation of things , and about how this problematic has been conceptualized in Marxist and Actor-Network Theory (ANT) approaches to human–nature–technology relations. Notwithstanding many obvious differences, we note that each tradition was founded on a radical shift to a relational ontology, a world of relations and processes and not things-in-themselves, and that each has developed, partly as a consequence of this move, analytically useful ways of investigating and talking about the work that things do, or appear to do, in the world. By relating the ANT category of non-human actors to the Marxist concept of dead labor, and by revisiting Marx's own dialectics of technology as embodied in his figure of the "living machine" in Capital , we explore the different implications of these approaches for our understandings of the nature, materiality, and the efficacy of social agents. We argue that ANT's reconfiguration of agency as a collective social and technical process—a process wherein the "nonhuman" can have very real social effects—can be deepened and given some political efficacy only if we take seriously the ontological problems of causality, accountability, and the directedness of social relations (and things) which ANT, and its wider, still evolving ethos among the social sciences and cultural studies, would have us forestall.     

What Determines Homeland Security Spending? An Econometric Analysis of the Homeland Security Grant Program

The distribution of State Homeland Security Grants has been characterized as pork barrel spending, where political considerations and not terrorism risk are determining the allocation each state receives. Using revealed preference analysis, we test this claim. From 2004 to 2006, measures of terrorism risk are found to be positive determinants of funding while measures of political influence and party affiliation of elected officials show no positive relationship with grant funding. These results are not compatible with the assertion that funding is distributed due to political factors.