NONSURVEY INPUT-OUTPUT ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES: EVIDENCE ON THE STRUCTURE OF ERRORS

ABSTRACT This paper concerns the nature and extent of error introduced to regional input-output multipliers by errors associated with the estimation of regional purchase coefficients (rpc's). Using the Washington State input-output model and computer simulations, estimates of multiplier error are generated for two distinct sources of rpc error. The results indicate that multiplier error from both rpc sources may be significant and support the findings of previous studies which highlight the importance of error introduced to the household purchases column for multiplier accuracy.     

Income Diffusion and Spatial Econometric Models

This paper considers the development of linked small-area spatial econometric models in which income flows between the areas constitute an important part of model specification. The attributes of income diffusion processes are considered in detail. Both static models and temporal income diffusion models are discussed. The spatial and spatial-temporal autocorrelation functions are derived which provide a measure of the spatial distribution of income. The Green function is also derived as a measure of income impulses through the system of regions. An important aspect of the paper is to relate properties of these functions to key economic parameters in particular propensities to spend locally and to spend nonlocally.     

Forming an anti-imperialist national identity in Republican China: The Finnish interpretation

This article focuses on Finnish national identities because they expressed the shared experiences of newly established Finnish communities, and they were crucial in constructing a new nation. It also explores created images of the Finnish and Finland, as well as community construction in Republican China, especially after Finland gained independence in 1917. Another aim is to examine those Finnish political, cultural and economic activities that supported their identity construction in China. The specific emphasis will be on analysing the largest and sometimes cross-functioning Finnish groups in China: the governmental officials and the commercial community. By using qualitative methods, namely, discourse analysis and historical analysis, this study shows how the Finnish community created alternative, sometimes imaginative and frequently anti-imperialist national identities in the new Republican China. Indeed, by signing the Treaty Principles of Reciprocity and Equal Treatment, it was agreed that Finland and China ‘shall enjoy same rights, privileges, favours, immunities and exemptions which [might] be accorded to similar foreign agents in accordance with the principles of international law’. This article argues that Finnish aspirations were positively regarded by many Chinese, and they respected this quite unique national connection with Finland.