古铜矿遗址围岩表层有害生物的防治

铜绿山古铜矿遗址地处长江中游地区、空气湿度大、围岩表层有害生物成片生长蔓延,对遗址的长期保护造成极大威胁。对此采取了改变遗址的环境条件、喷涂消杀药品的方法,消除了围岩表层有害生物的危害。经过一年半的观察表明该方法是可行的。     

南京发现南朝“明堂”砖及其学术意义初探

最新披露南京新发现的南朝刘宋“大明五年明堂壁”铭文砖等一批实物资料,并阐述了这批资料对研究南朝时期都城重要礼制建筑“明堂”的建造历史及其对研究六朝都城布局的重要学术意义。     

九店楚简《日书》校读三则

本文讨论了九店楚简《日书》中的第47、48、49号简中的文句,新释出安、右等字,对释文作了订正。     

Incorporating Soil Associations into Linear Programming Models for Development of Irrigation Scenarios

An inadequate streamflow supply in Saginaw Bay, Michigan, affects the irrigation development in the region. Linear programming (LP) models are developed in this paper to help irrigation planners determine optimal irrigation scenarios. To incorporate the spatial variations of the soil and climate into the optimization models, soil associations are used as the basic analysis unit for estimating crop yields, irrigation requirements, and expected economic returns. The yields and irrigation requirements of corn, drybeans, and soybeans are simulated by the CERES-MAIZE, BEANGRO, and SOYGRO models at each of the twelve soil associations in the study area over the period of 1951–1980. The yield and irrigation requirement of sugarbeets are simulated by the YIELD model for all the soils in the study area over the period of 1956–1987. The crop prices, simulated crop yields and irrigation requirements, and variable costs are used to compute the expected gross margins and other coefficients in the LP models. The optimization results provide irrigation scenarios that are linked to specific soil associations, which are more useful to decision makers for identifying and targeting individual soils for irrigation development than are the spatially lumped optimal solutions. This study demonstrates that through integration of GIS and simulation models, spatial variations of the climate, soil, and water resources can be better represented in the optimization models to produce more realistic irrigation scenarios.     

文物工作基础识讲座 第五讲 文物的有效保护(上)

依靠法律手段来实施对文物的有效保护 ,是当今世界上各个国家的普遍做法。本文就我国的文物保护问题 ,从法律体系、受保护的范围、行使主体、公民保护文物的权利和义务四个方面进行了阐述     

实事求是是唯物史观的基本原则——以“五种社会形态理论”为中心的探讨

是否遵循实事求是的方法论原则,是判定唯物史观还是唯心史观的根本标志,也是二者判然有别的分水岭。唯物史观不以任何先验的东西为前提,唯心史观则相反。凡是不遵循实事求是方法论原则乃至有意违反这一原则的历史观,毫无疑问一定是唯心史观,而绝非唯物史观。根据实事求是原则去考察历史,符合过去人们所理解的五种社会形态理论本来所规定的意义和内涵,因生产力不断发展而导致五种社会形态依次演进更替的例子,在人类历史上并不存在。     

20世纪伊朗与以色列关系评析

本文认为,巴列维时期伊朗与以色列结成“外围联盟”,共同应对苏联的威胁和激进阿拉伯国家的挑战。伊朗伊斯兰教革命后,尽管霍梅尼从意识形态出发强烈反对以色列,但因各自国家安全利益的需要,两伊战争期间伊以仍然保持着秘密武器交易。随着冷战后苏联的解体和伊拉克在海湾战争中被削弱,共同的敌人消失了,伊以为争夺在中东地缘政治中的优势地位展开了激烈竞争甚至对抗,伊朗以反对中东和平进程和支持阿拉伯激进组织来对付以色列;而以色列则竭力把伊朗排除在中东和平进程之外,大力渲染伊朗伊斯兰原教旨主义和伊核计划对中东稳定及世界和平的威胁,以引起美国等西方国家对伊朗的关注、制裁,甚至军事打击,保持以色列在中东的强国地位。     

无望的对抗格局--三论世界历史上的大清帝国

当近代西方殖民列强东来的时候,它们面临的是一个走向衰亡的明王朝和一个崛起的清王朝。上升时期的大清帝国,特别是其康雍乾盛世,国家生命力旺盛。无论是葡萄牙、西班牙还是荷兰、英国,都无法阻止其繁荣昌盛。然而伴随着西方资本主义的发展,西方列强轮番兴起,由于各种内部因素,如中国封建王朝自然经济的发展规律,中国封建社会晚期皇权压制下海商集团的命运,大清帝国反而逐渐耗尽了国家生命力,终于沦为列强的半殖民地并走向衰亡。     

Persistence of Crime Hot Spots: An Ordered Probit Analysis

The temporal persistence of crime hot spots is recognized as a valuable indicator of consistent problem areas. The current literature has not adequately addressed the mechanisms that perpetuate or interrupt persistent crime hot spots. Investigating the persistence of violent crime hot spots in Columbus, Ohio, from 1994 to 2002, this study fills a gap in the literature by identifying neighborhood structural correlates that drive the persistence of hot spots. Specifically, this study identifies yearly crime hot spots, and estimates an ordered probit model to explore the neighborhood structural determinants. The results indicate that socio‐economic factors, identified from a synthesis of social disorganization theory and routine activity theory, significantly correlate with persistent patterns of violent crime hot spots. This gives evidence that a combination of the two ruling spatial theories of crime provides an applicable framework for understanding the temporal dimension of violent crime hot spots. By identifying the factors that contribute to the persistence of hot spots of crime, insights gained from the results can help to inform focused crime prevention efforts.     

微纳米气泡清洗“南海一号”出水瓷器的安全性评价研究

随着我国水下考古事业的蓬勃发展,出水文物的科学保护已成为亟待解决的重要问题。表面各种附着物的清除是出水瓷器清洗的难点,现有的机械和化学清洗方法均存在着一定的局限性。在试清洗实验中,微纳米气泡展现了存在时间长、传质效率高、表面电荷形成的ζ电位高等不同于普通气泡的物理化学特性,对出水瓷器具有优越的清洗效果,因此有必要进一步对该清洗技术开展科学的安全性评价。选取打捞自"南海一号"的18件瓷片样品,进行了现状调查与病害检测,使用色差分析、光泽度分析、显微分析、显微测量等方法开展了安全性评价研究。实验结果表明,未发现微纳米气泡清洗技术会导致出水瓷器自身的颜色与光泽度产生明显变化,未发现其会导致瓷器釉面损伤,也未发现其会对瓷器已有裂缝产生影响。现有的评价结果表明,微纳米气泡清洗技术对于出水瓷器是基本安全的,为该技术在文物保护工作中的实际应用提供了重要依据。