A new Changhsingian (Late Permian) Rugosochonetidae (Brachiopoda) fauna from the Zhongzhai section,southwestern Guizhou Province,South China

Zhang, Y., He, W.-H., Shi, G.R. & Zhang, K.-X., 2013. A new Changhsingian (Late Permian) Rugosochonetidae (Brachiopoda) fauna from the Zhongzhai section, southwestern Guizhou Province, South China. Alcheringa 37, 221–245. ISSN 0311-5518.

This paper describes 20 species (including three undetermined species) of Rugosochonetidae (Brachiopoda) in an upper offshore fauna from the Permian–Triassic Boundary Zhongzhai section, southwestern Guizhou Province, South China. New taxa are Tethyochonetes sheni, Tethyochonetes cheni, Neochonetes (Huangichonetes) archboldi, Neochonetes (Sommeriella) waterhousei, Neochonetes (Sommeriella) rectangularis and Neochonetes semicircularis.

Yang Zhang [zyan@deakin.edu.au] and G.R. Shi [guang.shi@deakin.edu.au] (corresponding author), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; Weihong He [whzhang@cug.edu.cn] (corresponding author) and Kexin Zhang [kx_zhang@cug.edu.cn], State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Hongshan, Wuhan 430074, PR China. Received 8.6.2012; revised 19.9.2012; accepted 7.10.2012.     

Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Load on Pile in a Medium Dr Sand Layer

One-g shake-table experiments are conducted to explore the response of single piles due to liquefaction-induced lateral soil flow. The piles are embedded in saturated Medium Relative Density (Dr) sand strata 1.7–5.0 m in thickness. Peak lateral pile displacements and bending moments are recorded and analyzed by uniform and triangular pressure distributions. On this basis, the observed levels of pile bending moment upon liquefaction suggest a hydrostatic lateral pressure approximately equal to that due to the total overburden stress. Using the experimental data, comparisons with current recommendations are made, and the Showa Bridge case history is briefly assessed.     

论殷墟出土的三枚青铜印章及相关问题

殷墟近年来考古发掘出土了3枚青铜印章,根据对印章的图案与文字进行的分析可证明殷墟传世印章的可信度,同时说明中国印章的起源至少可早到殷墟时期。早期印章的起源与陶印模有一定的关联,殷墟时期青铜印章的主要功能与青铜器铭文类似,用以标识主人的私名或氏族。     

Polychromic structures and pigments in Guangyuan Thousand-Buddha Grotto of the Tang Dynasty (China)

This paper presents a multi-analytical study of the polychromy in the Guangyuan Thousand-Buddha Grotto. Samples taken from 15 locations in No. 512 and No. 689 caves are prepared as cross-sections for the analysis by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with backscattered electron imaging (SEM-BSE). The cross section analysis indicates that some paintings were repainted in the past. The chemical composition of each painting layer is obtained by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). The main pigments for 15 samples including green, red, blue, white and black paint layers, are identified by the combination of polarized light microscopy (PLM), Fourier Transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy (RS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The integrated analytical results reveal that the green pigments are malachite and atacamite; the red color is attributed to minium, hematite and cinnabar; the blue pigments are lazurite and organic blue materials; the white color is ascribed to anglesite and gypsum; and the black surface of polychrome is the accumulation of longtime smudging by folk burning incense in the devotional practice or the soot deposition resulting from burning bonfires in the caves. Some arsenic-containing pigment is detected in the green samples. This case study also demonstrates the advantages and the limitations of every analytical technique for the pigment identification, confirming the necessity of the integrated analytical techniques approach. The present results are not only useful to assist in the authenticity of the used pigment materials and history of the polychromic in the past, but also aimed at guiding the conservation scientists in taking into account materials and methods utilized in the past.     

馆藏文物保存环境研究的发展与现状

随着对预防性保护理念的深入理解,馆藏文物保存环境研究已成为国内外文物保护科技工作中不可或缺的重点领域.为此聚焦国际博物馆环境研究的最新动向,重点介绍近年来我国在馆藏文物保存环境监测、检测、评估、调控等方面取得的研究成果,并对“十二五”期间馆藏文物保存环境研究的发展方向进行了展望.     

On the pharyngeal tooth remains of crucian and common carp from the neolithic Tianluoshan site,Zhejiang Province,China, with remarks on the relationship between freshwater fishing and rice cultivation in the Neolithic Age

The pharyngeal tooth remains of crucian and common carp from the Tinaluoshan site of the Hemudu Cultural Stage, Zhejiang Province, China, were analysed. The body‐lengths (BLs) of the fish were estimated from tooth size and plotted as bar diagrams. Based on these, we infer that Neolithic dwellers used gill nets to efficiently catch fish of a specific size during the breeding season. The BL distribution of common carp there is similar to those from Jomon sites in Japan, and we therefore infer that the technology for controlling water for rice cultivation in paddy fields had not yet been developed. The abundance of tooth remains of crucian carp unearthed at the Tianluoshan site is reminiscent of similar finds in Western Japan, and we thus infer that the culture trait of utilizing crucian carp as a major protein resource was distributed from the Yangtze River basin to Western Japan. Analysis of pharyngeal tooth remains of carp at various Japanese archaeological sites shows that freshwater fishing was conducted quite differently before and after the establishment of paddy fields. With this fact in mind, one of the present authors tried to model the development of freshwater fishing, with reference to the relation of fishing to rice cultivation (Nakajima, 2010 ). In Phase I, artisanal fishing became an active and technically developed endeavour, and people began to cultivate rice at fishing site. In Phase II, people began to cultivate rice purposefully in irrigated paddy fields while also fishing there. Comparing the present results of the pharyngeal tooth remains from the Tianluoshan site with those from the Jomon Period, we see that the Tianluoshan site was in the same stage as the end of Phase I in Japan, which rice cultivation was done as a supplementary activity at fishing site. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

朝鲜大院君被囚事件考析

19世纪70年代,资本主义列强之间对殖民地的争夺日趋激烈,亚洲地区成为其扩张宰割的重要目标。时美、日侵略朝鲜、琉球和中国的台湾;英、法侵略缅甸、越南和中国的西南;沙俄则侵吞中亚的布哈拉和浩罕,进而侵入中国的西北,中国边疆危机四伏。就在晚清王朝四面楚歌之际,日本借机加快了侵略中国、朝鲜和琉球的步伐。1874年5月,日本借琉球难民事件,派军进犯台湾。1875年9月,日本军舰炮击朝鲜江华岛。迫使朝鲜与之签订《朝日修好条约》。1879年3月,日本公然入侵琉球国都,废琉球为日本冲绳县。正当东北亚政局急剧变化,中日冲突日趋尖锐之时,1882年7…     

Implementing Cleaner Production Programmes in Changzhou and Nantong,Jiangsu Province

Cleaner Production (CP) has been advocated worldwide as a strategy for companies to obtain environmental and economic benefits simultaneously. This analysis of how city‐level CP programmes were implemented in Changzhou and Nantong (Jiangsu Province, China) finds that both cities failed to meet the Province's targets to implement CP at all large‐ and medium‐sized companies by the end of 2000. Ineffective vertical control, weak inter‐agency co‐ordination, and lack of alignment between CP requirements and the core missions and operating procedures of implementing agencies have impeded CP implementation in the two cities. The relatively few successful CP outcomes at companies are based on the professionalism and skills of individual implementing agents. However, successes that rely exclusively on individual agents may not last, and thus institutional changes will be needed if the government's CP programmes are to lead to broader CP adoption.     

陕西勉县红庙“元兴元年”纪年砖室墓应为东汉中期

<正>1972年,勉县红庙公社红光一队发掘一座砖室墓,墓中出土一件铸有"元兴元年堂狼作"(图一,右)铭文的铜洗和一批随葬器物,唐金裕、郭清华认为"元兴元年"即公元105年。但是,胡顺利以《后汉书·郡国志》无堂狼县设置为由,否定其年代为东汉,认为它是东晋安帝     

“六经皆史”的视角:章学诚方志思想新论

章学诚以"志为史体"为前提,以"六经皆史"为根本,在自我追求学术"正统"的实践中,通过方志分立三书之法,实现了志与经的理论对接,建构起经、史、志的学术系谱,从而大大提升了方志的地位,凸显了方志编纂的意义,"六经皆史"与"志为史体"因此成为章学诚方志思想的两大理论支柱。以此为出发点,章学诚以道、器之说重塑了经、史与道的关系,实际将志也纳入了撰述以求道的器的范畴,由此确立了方志"明道"的终极功能和根本宗旨,修志明道成为其积极从事方志编纂的动力所在。此外,章学诚在定位"史义"的基础上,还提出了"志义"的命题。在章学诚的理论话语中,"志义"与"史义"一样,秉承《春秋》事、文、义的有机结合,成为"道"在不同载体形式中的表现。"志义"的内涵要求方志不仅要具有思想性,更要求方志必须服务于"明道"的根本宗旨,体现了"义"的双重要求。