简论抗战时期国民政府的高等教育政策

抗战爆发前,国民政府对于国家高等教育并无明确方针,只是沿用1929年公布的《大学组织法》、《大学规程》作为相应的指导性政策。到了三十年代中期,中国高等教育的基本框架已初步形成。国民政府的高等教育机构按办学规模分有大学、独立学院和专科学校三种,按办学单位又可分为公立(包括国立、省立)与私立两类。由于社会连年动荡、经济不     

当代法国田野考古发掘方法与技术

本文以在法国具体从事田野考古发掘和室内整理的工作实践为基础,结合相关国外考古书籍,对目前法国所流行的考古发掘方法与技术作一概括性介绍,并与中国当代田野考古发掘方法与技术进行了对比研究。     

从城市地理学角度论国外城市更新历程

西方城市更新的历程演变在建筑学、城市规划学中已有一定程度的探讨。本文从城市地理学的角度对城市更新历程加以归纳和总结:(1)近代城市本身物质空间结构的更新(工业革命-19世纪末);(2)城市在"城市-区域"系统上的更新(19世纪末-1970'S);(3)"内城(中心城)"更新复兴阶段(1970'S-)。通过归纳和总结,我们可以借鉴其经验和教训。     

基于旅游互动的背包客通用技能变化研究

通用技能也被称为通用能力,是在信息丰富的社会成为一个经验丰富的专业人才所需要的先天能力、后天能力和知识.旅游是一种非正式的学习,通过旅游互动能改变旅游者的通用技能.本文研究背包旅游者通用技能变化以说明旅游互动与通用技能变化的关系.本文通过文献、访谈,结合因子分析,完善并验证背包者旅游互动模型,将背包者旅游互动分为与环境的互动和与人的互动两种,并进一步基于旅游互动行为的特点,通过因子聚类分析,将所有样本人群分成3类.     

扑满考略

我国古代民间家用储钱器具有钱罐、钱袋等,钱罐较早见文献记载,据湖北云梦睡虎地秦墓出土的秦律竹简《关市律》所记：“为作务及官府市,受钱必辄入其钱骺中,令市者见其入,不从令者赀一甲。”钱骺即为最初的储钱罐,《说文·缶部》：“缿,受钱器也,从缶,后声。古以瓦,今以竹。”而《汉书·赵广汉传》载：“又教吏为砺笛。”     

Impacts of Spatial Autocorrelation in Georeferenced Beta and Multinomial Random Variables

The literature is replete with acknowledgments that spatial autocorrelation (SA) inflates the variance of a random variable (RV), and that it also may alter other RV distributional properties. In most studies, impacts of SA have been examined only for the three most commonly used distributions: the normal, Poisson (and its negative binomial counterpart), and binomial distributions; much less is known about its effects on two other RVs that are utilized in GIScience research: the beta and the multinomial. The beta distribution—which is considered to be very flexible because it can mimic a uniform, exponential, sinusoidal, and normal RV—can be utilized to analyze the radiance of a remotely sensed image, for example. The multinomial distribution, a generalization of the binomial distribution, has been widely used for land use classification, and to describe land use change. The literature also suggests that RV impacts of negative SA, a neglected topic in spatial analysis, may differ from those of positive SA, at least for some RVs (e.g., the Poisson RV). The purpose of this article is to extend the investigation of effects of SA to beta and multinomial RVs, with both positive SA and negative SA assessed and contrasted with each other, using simulation experiments. The simulation experiments are designed to support this assessment. One of the major discoveries is that impacts of positive SA and negative SA behave similarly when a RV conforms to a normal distribution; however, maximum negative SA is unable to materialize for asymmetric RV, whereas positive SA always converges upon its maximum.     

Gendered networks and migration decision-making in Northern Vietnam

This paper examines the gender aspect of migrant networks, particularly the different ways networks are expected to assist men's or women's migration during migration decision-making processes. Through the case study of a farming community in Northern Vietnam, it shows that migrant networks are not gender neutral and, more importantly, men and women capitalise on different functions of networks to facilitate their migratory endeavours. Whilst men tend to be connected to relatively more extended networks primarily for practical support, women are more likely to be tied to family networks, which provide them with not just information and practical support but also social protection. These gender-specific expectations and uses of migrant networks have important implications for men's and women's mobility. The paper provides new insights into the way migration choices are made by men and women and at the same time underscores the importance of understanding migrant networks in researching migration.     

西南边疆政区名称教化功能演变研究

本文认为中国西南地区政区教化色彩名称比例经过了在西汉时期很小、从东汉到明清变大、而民国以后又变小的发展过程。在空间上呈现从四川向云南、贵州民族地区随时代发展比例逐步增大的趋势 ;级别差异上一级政区 (州、道、路、省 )历史上多以山川风物名称为主体 ,而二级政区 (郡、府、州、地区、地级市 )教化色彩名称比例经过了由小变大再变小的发展过程 ,三级政区 (县、县级道、州、军、监等 )变化与二级政区有相似之处 ,只是民国以来比例变小幅度没有二级政区大 ,保持相对的稳定。三级以下政区名称历史上相对较稳定 ,主要以山川风物等名称为主。中国历史上行政区划教化名称的演变与中国传统文化的发展关系密切 ,也与中原汉族文化向周边民族地区发展的轨迹息息相关。元明清时期政区教化色彩名称比例的大增 ,显现了元明清时期中原对西南边疆控制最深入的时代特征。民国以后的比例下降则显现了现代文明意识对边疆民族地区社会文化的影响。     

关于中国稻作起源证据的讨论与商榷

本文是对傅稻镰等人最近的文章批评中国栽培水稻起源研究缺乏证据、提出长江下游水稻栽培开始于公元前4000年这一观点一文的回应。我们首先考察中国从野生稻采集到水稻栽培过程研究的相关文献．进而从水稻形态学和考古学的角度对早期水稻遗存加以研究。讨论集中在以下三个方面：长江流域最早水稻栽培的时间：长江下游和淮河流域初期栽培水稻的遗存;考古遗存所见水稻粒形态大小变化的意义。我们也考察了傅文用来区分野生水稻和栽培水稻的几个标准：考古纪录中所见的未成熟稻遗存、水稻粒的增大和水稻粒的形态。根据已经发表的资料和我们对水稻的研究,我们认为到全新世早期（距今9000年前后）,南北中国的新石器时代居民就可能已经收获野生稻并开始水稻栽培了。