Strengthening Minds and Bodies Within the French School System. Physical Education for Boys and Girls Between 1936 and 1950

Physical education has been compulsory in France since 1880. Between 1936 and 1950, expansion intensified and extensive changes were made to course content. This article assesses the ramifications of these choices through an in-depth study of four variables that defined its instruction. Even if priority was given to generalisation and equal access to knowledge, research revealed an upsurge in the fight against real or presumed student vulnerability. At the time, a strong consensus emerged with the commitment to fight frailty. This was all the more the case for young girls as they belonged to a specific group with respect to their physical make-up. The school system stressed the relevance of instruction adapted to girls even if emphasis was placed on the cultural aspect of sport content. The pedagogical programmes put into effect for youths based on these guidelines confirmed this trend. This situation raised concerns as to the role of the school system in the development of social stereotypes through a discipline that would become the focus of the French education system.     

Australian media studies

Miriam Gilson and Jerzy Zubrzycki. The Foreign‐Language Press in Australia, 1848–1964. A.N.U. Press, Canberra, 1967, pp. 233 + xiv, $6.90.

George Blaikie, Remember Smith's Weekly? Rigby Limited, Adelaide, 1966, pp. 258, $4.25.

Research Department, News Ltd., Readers of ‘The Australian’, Sydney, 1967, pp. 44, no price.

Colin A. Hughes and John S. Western, The Prime Minister's Policy Speech: A Case Study in Televised Politics, A.N.U. Press. Canberra, 1966, pp. 227, $4.50. Distributor: Jacaranda Press.

E. Lloyd Sommerlad, The Press in Developing Countries, Sydney University Press, Sydney, 1966, pp. 189 + xiii, $4.25.

W. Sprague Holden, The Impossible Commitment, 29th Arthur Norman Smith Memorial Lecture in Journalism, Melbourne, 1966, pp. 23, no price.

Second Summer School of Professional Journalism, The Australian Press and Foreign News, ed. David R. Robertson, Canberra, 1966, pp. 79, $1 from P.O. Box 194. Canberra City, A.C.T.     

Development in Nunavik: How Regional and Local Initiatives Redefine Sustainable Development in Nunavik

ABSTRACT

For more than 50 years, the Inuit of Nunavik have been subjected to development plans devised in the south by the Government of Canada and Quebec that has a profound impact on Inuit people and their culture. The latest plan, known as Plan Nord, proposes sustainable development for the North based on the protection of 50 percent of the territory. However, the Inuit of Nunavik face many social challenges and this is reflected in the socioeconomic indicators of the region. In order to alleviate these social circumstances, numerous regional and local initiatives are attempting to establish programs better suited to the culture and needs of Nunavimmiut. Examples at the regional level include childcare and midwifery services supported by Quebec. At the local level, initiatives such as the Unaaq Men’s Association and the Innavik Project are making an effort to address local needs. In this paper, following a presentation of the Nunavik governance architecture, we will analyze how local (Unaaq, Innavik) and regional initiatives (Midwifery Program, Childcare, Preparation for Post-Secondary Education, Nunavik Parks) contribute to the sustainable development of Nunavik.