穆斯林的流动与中国新移民——马来西亚回族流动个案研究

论文分不同时期阐述了中国穆斯林移民马来西亚的历史,通过实证调研数据突出了穆斯林跨国流动与穆斯林世界的教育和贸易之间的密切联系,并对"侨乡"流动模式和"回族"流动模式进行了分析比较。认为有关华人移民的研究主要局限于地理(侨乡移民)或阶级(苦力、企业家或学生移民)方面。这些研究隐含一个不言而喻、理所当然的假设,即中国的移民都是汉族,少数民族被封闭在偏远的边疆地区,因而是不流动的。但研究显示,自1978年起,中国穆斯林少数民族无论是在跨境迁移——这在维吾尔族和哈萨克族等穆斯林少数民族中尤为突出,还是在远程的跨国迁移——在回族中尤其明显,都具有异常高的流动性。回族穆斯林少数民族的生活穿梭于中国民族国家和跨国穆斯林世界之间。宗教在回族穆斯林流动决策和流动模式中有重要作用。     

DIGITAL COMMUNICATION, TRANSPORTATION AND URBAN STRUCTURATION IN STUDENTS' DAILY LIFE

This article explores how the use of digital communication in distributed education influences urban students' daily life movements and communication patterns. From this point the article also discusses how the structuration of urban life interplays with the socio-spatial organization of a given city. Time-geography is used as an analytical frame for analysing the time-space of the students, wherein the intersection between the social, technical, and spatial organization of the city is the main focus of interest. The discussion shows how the use of the Internet enabled the students to sustain the basic spatial organization of their life while attending higher education. At the same time, the meaning of places in their daily life was changed through the use of the Internet, especially with respect to the students' homes. It is argued that the use of communication technology contributes to the reproduction of the socio-spatial organization of the city.     

TOWARDS A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF PLACE ATTRACTIVENESS: A MIGRATION PERSPECTIVE

The attractiveness of places is currently gaining a high policy salience in policymakers' efforts to draw mobile capital. Yet, while there are a growing number of empirical studies considering the migration of people and the attractiveness of places, there is an acute lack of conceptual understanding of the phenomena that hamper discussions between researchers and policymakers. This article suggests a conceptual framework whereby place attractiveness can be better understood from a migration perspective. The empirical material for this article mainly draws upon interviews that were carried out with migrants who seem to have considered at least one alternative in their search for a suitable destination. The conceptual framework, which comprises the main result of the article, illustrates that needs, demands and preferences are central and empirically identifiable components for properly appreciating place attractiveness in a migration context. It is argued that the attractiveness of places increases with the successive fulfilment of these factors; but on the other hand, the more factors a migrant seeks to fulfil in his or her destination selection, the fewer the choice possibilities. The article moreover shows how a life-course perspective needs to be integrated in such analyses since not only do migrants' needs, demands and preferences depend upon their current life-course phase situation, their resources and constraints are also likely to correlate with the life-course. The conceptual framework can be used to ease understanding between researchers and policymakers in issues related to place attractiveness and the migration of relatively affluent migrants with choice opportunities.     

INTERNAL BOUNDARIES AND DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION: A CHALLENGE TO DECENTRALIZATION AND DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT IN GHANA

Traditional institutions in Africa and their role in a decentralized administrative framework has been the subject of analysis in recent times. However, these discussions have centred largely on political power and local control of resources, to the neglect of the challenges of local government boundary setting and its consequences for local development. Therefore, in countries implementing decentralization with existing strong chiefdoms and traditional areas of jurisdictions, such as Ghana, little consideration has been given to the effects of local government boundaries on community cohesiveness and local development. This article examines the challenges of decentralization in Ghana with particular focus on district administrative boundaries. It argues that the non-coincidence of the 'traditional' ethnic boundaries, namely Traditional Areas, and the 'formal' district administrative boundaries of some districts as well as the absence of an integrative system of traditional and modern governance present a challenge to local and district development under the present decentralization process. The article concludes that district boundary setting should be a process of 'negotiated contract' between the state and communities of which the boundary is meant to create a local government territorial area of jurisdiction. This process entails that the criteria for boundary setting take into account both cultural and economic factors.     

稻盛哲学对话〔连载一〕

这里译介的是作家加藤胜美与企业家稻盛和夫的对话。在轻松自然的气氛中 ,稻盛和夫从“孩子王时代”的琐事 ,谈到松风工业“修行”的岁月 ;从创立京瓷公司的前前后后 ,谈到第二电电的创建。不仅有助于我们了解稻盛和夫艰辛而充满创造快乐的创业道路 ,独特的经营理念、经营战略的形成过程 ,也可以让我们真切地感受到一个优秀企业领导者的所想与谈吐的个人风格。     

The Norman's Bay Shipwreck,East Sussex,UK: a possible 17th‐century Dutch ship from the Battle of Beachy Head

This report explores a hypothesis that the Norman's Bay shipwreck is the Wapen van Utrecht, a 64‐gun Dutch ship lost during the Battle of Beachy Head in 1690. The shipwreck, found off the Sussex coast, was designated by the Protection of Wrecks Act (1973) in 2006, when it was speculated that the wreck was the English 70‐gun ship Resolution, lost in the Great Storm of 1703. Dendrochronology dates the vessel after the middle of the 17th century AD, however, with timbers from Germany or the Low Countries. Initiatives by the Nautical Archaeology Society to bring the protected wreck to a wide public are also discussed.     

论中亚摩尼教、基督教、佛教之关系——评《丝绸之路上基督教、诺斯替教和佛教之碰撞》

本文作者通过对克林凯特《丝绸之路上基督教、诺斯替教和佛教之碰撞》一书进行了详细的研究和评论,使我们了解到该书作者对世界三大宗教之间关系的精辟认识,进而又对摩尼教、基督教和佛教之间的关系进行了详尽的阐述,是一篇不可多得的书评.     

‘Gates’: a new archaeological site type in Saudi Arabia

The availability of high‐resolution satellite imagery of Saudi Arabia on publicly available platforms such as Google Earth and Bing Maps has been transformational for archaeology. Within just a few years tens of thousands of sites previously unrecorded and scarcely known to the academic world have been mapped. Especially rich in sites are the successive lava fields (harret) stretching from southern Syria through Jordan and down the west coast of the Arabian Peninsula to Yemen, and characterised by the stone‐built structures known to the Bedouin as the ‘works of the old men’. Sites now being revealed include many types familiar from previous research in the wider region but also others of a form previously unknown. ‘Gates’ are one such type, found in large numbers in and around the Harret Khaybar in west‐central Saudi Arabia. They are stone‐built, the walls roughly made and low as with other ‘works’, but quite unlike them in form. Identification, mapping, and preliminary interpretation imply an early date in the sequence of the works—perhaps the very earliest—but no obvious explanation of their purpose can be discerned. Fieldwork is a desideratum.