STACKELBERG GAMES ON A NETWORK WITH COURNOT-NASH OLIGOPOLISTIC COMPETITORS

ABSTRACT. We formulate the spatial Stackelberg-Nash-Cournot competitive network equilibrium problem as a variational inequality constrained mathematical program. Our model differs from previous models of Stackelberg oligopolistic competition in that it employs explicit shipping decision variables and a general network topology. That is, the production and distribution decisions of the Stackelberg firm are determined simultaneously over a discrete network. We explore the existence of solutions to the proposed model, and we also numerically test a sensitivity analysis based algorithm. In particular, we illustrate how sensitivity analysis results can be used to generate the Cournot reaction necessary to solve the Stackelberg problem.     

The Heckscher-Ohlin Hypothesis and Structural Divergence in Quebec and Ontario, 1961–1969

The industrial structures of Quebec and Ontario differ, with labour-intensive industries prevalent in Quebec, capital-intensive in Ontario. Existing explanations of this structural divergence are complemented by a trade theory interpretation based on the Heckscher-Ohlin hypothesis. Analysis based on the twenty major industrial categories of the sic yields insignificant results, but when resource and market-oriented industries are excluded, significant results are obtained. Trade between Quebec and Ontario also conforms with the theory. The results suggest that it is to Quebec's advantage to continue trading freely with the rest of Canada.
Les structures industrielles au Quebec et en Ontario sont differentes: les industries de main d'truvre predominent au Quebec et celles capital eleve predominent en Ontario. Aux explications actuelles de cette divergence structurelle s'ajoute celle d'une theorie des echanges basee sur I'hypothese HeckscherOhlin. Une analyse basee sur les vingt premieres categories du recensement industriel rev& des resultats peu probants. On obtient cependant des resultats significatifs lorsque I'on exclue de cette analyse les industries dont la localisation est liee aux marches ou a la prksence de tessources naturelles. Le commerce entre le Quebec et I'Ontario est aussi en accord avec cette theorie. Ces resultats suggerent qu'il est avantageux pour le Quebec de poursuivre une politique de libre echange avec la reste du Canada.     

Intimate Oral Histories: Intercultural Romantic Relationships in Postwar Australia

This article examines the experiences of individuals in romantic relationships that crossed ethnic, religious or racial lines in post-World War II Australia. Using interviews from the Australian Generations Oral History Project, supplemented by archival and newspaper material, this article examines how broader changes in immigration and the cultural make-up of Australia in the second half of the twentieth century impacted individual Australians, influencing who they could desire, court and love. Through the narration of intimate life stories, this article attempts to capture the emotional experience of individuals whose relationships, while made possible by national policy decisions, still tested and breached social norms and cultural expectations at the personal and familial level.     

East Polynesian Islands as Models of Cultural Divergence: The Case of Rapa Nui and Rapa Iti

The diverse island societies of East Polynesia are well-suited as models for comparative evolutionary analysis. Settled ca. 750 BP by a common ancestral population, colonists of the remote corners of the Pacific shared a pool of cultural traits that included commensal species, language, technology, and other cultural practices. Following colonization however, island populations diverged in language, subsistence practices, degree of territoriality, settlement patterns, investment and forms of monumental architecture, and social organization. Driven by historical circumstances and varied environmental conditions, this divergence presents evolutionary case studies of alternative paths of cultural change. One explanatory approach to this evolutionary divergence involves isolating the critical ecological parameters that likely constrained and shaped the diverse history of island populations. Here, we offer a comparative evolutionary analysis that explores the divergent histories of two marginal East Polynesian islands: Rapa Nui and Rapa Iti.     

Evolution of marine mammal hunting: A view from the California and Oregon coasts

Marine mammals constitute … an integral part of the marine ecosystem usually as top predators. Hunting of cetaceans and pinnipeds for skins, meat and blubber has of course gone on from the earliest recorded times. At various periods … the hunting of them intensified to the point at which it caused serious depletion. Although accurate records are not available, there is little doubt that many marine mammal populations were reduced to a small fraction (perhaps no more than a tenth or so) of their former levels. Some like the sea otter, disappeared from parts of their range …