中国早期失蜡铸造问题的考察与思考

就先秦时期青铜器中四类无法按分块陶范铸造工艺解释的纹饰或附件——器物通体饰难于整体脱范的纹饰,纹饰凹槽内宽外窄,形成倒勾纹饰,纹饰边缘上翘,形成翻边的纹饰以及无范线绞股绳索状附件进行了技术分析或模拟试验,认为中国失蜡铸造技术起源于焚失法;焚失法最早见于商代中晚期:焚失法铸造技术在无范线失蜡法技术出现之后逐渐消亡;至春秋中晚期,无范线失蜡铸造技术已相当成熟。所谓中国青铜时代“没有失蜡法铸造器例”之说实属无稽之谈。     

清乾隆至道光年间的聊城商业——以山陕会馆碑刻资料为中心的考察

聊城是清代中叶山东运河沿线的重要转运码头,经由该城转运的商品以绸缎、布匹、皮毛、纸张、茶叶等为大宗。绸缎、纸张、茶叶等南来商品的转销范围大致包括鲁北、冀南、豫东以及山西;棉布和皮毛制品则为东昌本地所产,主要销往西北和口外。依据会馆抽厘率折算,乾隆初年山陕商人在聊城的经营规模每年仅数十万两,嘉庆时增至一百数十万两,道光年间即便从低折算也达到210万两。全城合计,嘉庆年间聊城的商业规模已达每年200万两;道光年间以1‰的抽厘率折算为300万两,若以0.3‰的抽厘率折算则高达1000万两。     

Spatial Pricing Policies Reconsidered: Monopoly Performance and Location

This paper reexamines the welfare implications of three pricing regimes (mill, uniform, and discriminatory) for a monopoly. Assuming linear demand and constant marginal costs, I show that with the introduction of endogenous location choice, uniform delivered pricing may provide the highest social welfare when demands in different markets are sufficiently heterogeneous; whereas discriminatory pricing always dominates uniform pricing when demands in different markets are similar.     

贵州安顺鲍屯乡村水利工程农业景观保护的范例

2011年,联合国教科文组织亚太遗产保护委员会在泰国曼谷授予中国贵州安顺鲍屯明代水利工程保护项目亚太遗产保护“卓越奖”。这是亚太遗产保护的年度最高奖项,共有10个国家34个项目参与竞争。评委会对这一乡村水利工程保护项目的评价是：     

Sow One Seed, Gain One More Life

The meadow on the highland is as broad as an ocean, yet it is also as quiet as a painting, without the limitation of a frame. It seems more natural and lively than a painting. It is as simple as the clear eyes of a Tibetan sheep, reflecting the rippling green grass and the scent of the soil as carried by the breeze. This scent followed me all the way as I followed spring＇s progress across the highland and as we drove deeper into the wide prairie in the County of Hongyuan. A Tunnel Enclosure in Camouflaged Clothing On average, Hongyuan is more than 3600 meters above sea level and is mainly involved in animal husbandry. It is the only county largely inhabited by Tibetans in the Prefecture of Aba. There is a vast area （777,200 ha.） of lush native grassland, 91.8 percent of the whole county. ＂Tashi Delek, welcome my reporter＂ said Tsepudan, Chairman of the Karlama Village Committee in the Township Village of Achok in the County of Hongyuan. He greeted me with smiles. He looked tall and strong in his traditional Tibetan robe, with a large-screen cell phone at his waist. ＂What＇s the fence for＂ I asked in curiosity. Before me was a huge fenced paddock. ＂A tunnel enclosure, they helped us build it,＂ said Tsepudan, pointing towards our companions （Professor Li Jian, and Professor Tang Cheng from the Southwest University for Nationalities, as well as Mr. Liu Gang from the Sichuan Prairie Institute）. Made of steel, the tunnel enclosure is shaped in a hexagon, 10 meters long. At first sight, it seems to be without any technical content. Actually, it contains a certain delicacy in its awkwardness. It saves a lot of labor and time when it is used to give an injection or medicine, or shear sheep, weighs something, or transport yaks and sheep. The Southwest University for Nationalities, the Sichuan Prairie Institute and local herdsmen produced it together, including its design, site selection and construction. Eight national     

抗战前南京国民政府防空建设初探

1927年4月南京国民政府建立后,并无立即进行防空建设,直到九一八事变与一二八事变之后,才意识到防空建设的重要性,并开始加强该方面的建设。为此,南京国民政府不但创办防空学校、建立全国性的防空协会及在全国各大城市组织防空展览和举行防空演习等一系列加强防空宣传教育的措施,而且还完善防空设施,如组建防空监视哨以构建防空情报网、加强灯火管制与组建防空部队等,这些措施在一定程度上为抗战初期减少国力的损失与人员的伤亡做出了积极贡献,在我国防空建设史上具有十分重要的历史地位。     

遵义乡贤宦泽民述略

宦泽民第遵义名门、沙滩文化重要的学者宦懋庸之孙。从晚清留学日本,投身辛亥革命,参加护国运动,桑梓从教十余年。一生勇于奉献,尽职尽责,算得上是贵州一位有作为的乡贤,值得后世效法。     

琐议人物志编纂——《北京志·人物志》编纂手记

人物志是志书编纂的难点。首先,人物志的编纂要注意统筹平衡,要在突出当代人物的基础上,按其历史影响程度在不平衡中体现统筹;要充分利用人物志中传和表的体裁;制定不同部类入志人物的标准是统筹平衡的关键。此外,要充分发挥人物传、人物表、人名录三种体裁的不同特点,在传主事迹和人物传字数上要有统筹,对特殊人物要在不平衡中反映平衡。其次,要把握不同人物的入志特点,求真存实。最后,在具体操作中,注意在细枝末节上下功夫,保证人物志的编纂质量。     

16世纪英国抑奢法对服饰的管制

16世纪英国社会奢侈之风盛行,人们争相购买昂贵的进口服饰。这不但造成大量黄金外流,而且严重破坏了身份等级秩序。议会和枢密院为此颁布了一系列抑奢法,规定某些质地、颜色的服饰专属于某一等级。然而,抑奢法并不适应英国社会的急剧变化,也缺乏坚定的执行者和拥护者,所以收效甚微。但抑奢法的失败使都铎政府的重商主义经济政策由"重金主义"转变为"重工主义",却有利于毛纺织业的发展。     

故宫博物院信息电子化四讲

本文是作者四年间就故宫信息电子化有关专题的四次讲话,它从一个特殊的侧面展现出故宫博物院在这一文博新兴领域的建设总体思路和推进发展轨迹。其一论述了信息电子化在故宫全局工作和改革进程中的战略意义以及网站建设的原则;其二回顾了故宫信息电子化的总体思路和起步策略,小结了信息电子化基础建设的阶段性成果;其三总结了故宫信息电子化总体思路中大视角、高起点的三个与众不同的特点,指明了“数字故宫”的前景;其四以文物流通管理系统为例,再次论证了信息电子化对有效保护、合理利用、严格管理和队伍素质提高的重要意义,指出这项工作在故宫已进入了不可逆转的历史新阶段。