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931.
Stephen A. Brighton 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2011,15(1):30-50
This study illustrates the materialization of identity shifts through refined ceramic and glass forms recovered from working
class Irish immigrant and Irish-American communities. The sites used in this article were chosen because of their spatio-temporal
compatibility covering dynamic periods of Irish identity in the United States. Historians argue that 1880 marks the beginning
of an identity shift from Irish immigrant to Irish-American. This research attempts to provide the necessary materials to
begin a discourse bringing together material and historical evidence illuminating the conflict between competing ideologies
of respectability and changing conceptions of Irish identity in America. 相似文献
932.
Abdulhakim Alhusban Abdulla Al-Shorman 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2011,15(1):1-9
The courtyard house represents a model for the collective social, political and economic functions of the peasant community
during the nineteenth century in northern Jordan. Ethnography, landscape and space syntax analyses were used to reconstruct
these functions in the area of Umm Qais, Jordan. The results show that the various social systems in the study area were centered
on kinship leaving projections in the form and order of the various spaces in the courtyard house. The nature of the landscape
was a determinant factor in the location of courtyard houses, which was triggered by the climate regime in the area. 相似文献
933.
Meghan C. L. Howey 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2011,15(3):329-357
Copper kettles, in high demand among indigenous communities of the Northeast/Great Lakes, became prominent items in the exchange
repertoires of early Basque, French and Dutch traders. Kettles’ origin with these “Others” and its connection to a medium
(copper) that had held symbolic significance for millennia led them to be used in an indigenous ‘metaphorical’ value regime
influencing trade during the late sixteenth/early seventeenth century. An artisan living on the threshold of colonial encounter
in Northern Michigan between 1470 and 1660 CE—having seen European goods but not having access to them—harnessed the mimetic
faculty to make a small, miniature, ceramic imitation or skeuomorph of a European trade kettle. Rather than the sincerest
form of flattery, I suggest this imitation was made to acquire the power of the original to fend off the colonial danger and
to connect to this symbolic value regime. I suggest the “magic” of mimesis offered personal and organizational power in the
indigenous Northeast/Great Lakes during early contact. This specific case speaks more broadly to how mimesis can provide a
robust framework for exploring the material cultures of colonial encounter. 相似文献
934.
Social and economic factors significantly influenced grave-marker choice in southern California cemeteries during the nineteenth
and twentieth centuries. Gradual changes in the American way of death since Victorian times underwent punctuated shifts in
mortuary attitudes, commemoration practices, and funerary materials following moments of extreme social and economic duress.
While the form of gravestones slowly evolved from large monuments to smaller flush markers during the late 1800s and early
1900s, they collectively experienced a pronounced shift during the 1920s, reflecting American responses to the devastating
human losses of World War I and the 1918–19 influenza pandemic. Financial conditions directly affected decisions regarding
those materials selected to mark the deceased as well. Although overall trends reveal that granite gravestones gradually replaced
marble as the marker of choice in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, pronounced fiscal struggles during the
1907 Bankers’ Panic and the Great Depression were evinced in distinct surges in less expensive marble and metal grave markers. 相似文献
935.
Michael Nevell 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2011,15(4):594-606
This paper looks at the recent archaeological evidence for industrial housing in Manchester, United Kingdom. The paper argues
that a fragmented land-holding pattern developed in a number of city-centre areas during the second half of the eighteenth
century. This land-holding pattern gave rise to overcrowding as a result of the domestic redevelopment of back yard plots
and the conversion of older housing to tenements. This redevelopment was at its most acute during the peak decades of population
growth in the city, 1800–40, and this led to the conditions of poverty, disease, and overcrowding recorded in contemporary
accounts from the mid-nineteenth century. 相似文献
936.
Prudence M. Rice 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2011,15(3):481-508
In the viceroyalty of Peru, Spanish authorities imposed several mechanisms to try to establish Christian social order among
the colonists and dwindling indigenous populations, two of which were encomienda and reducción. The implementation of these and other policies and practices is examined using a case study in Moquegua, a colonial periphery
in far southern Peru: the encomienda of Cochuna and the reduction site of Torata Alta. Incomplete knowledge of local conditions left the area vulnerable to social
and religious disorder: overlapping boundaries, contested jurisdictions, and competing interests. Further historical archaeological
consideration of such disorder can illuminate local impacts of colonialism. 相似文献
937.
938.
At the end of the Neolithic Era, during the third millennium BCE, there were fewer humid periods, and the sub-Saharan and Sahelian zones from the Atlantic to Lake Chad assumed their current geographical form. Since then, the climate has continued undergoing major variations. The succession of climatic episodes, humid or dry, is pointed out along with the episodes’ complex interactions. These variations are placed in parallel to cultural phases of evolution in archaeology and history. Climate-related events have always had heavy consequences on the peopling of this vast region, often subject to extreme natural conditions. The relative synchronism between the principal cultural trends from west to east across the Sahel seems to have often been subject to swings in the climate and the resulting environmental changes. 相似文献
939.
940.
Ute Christina Bauer 《Standort - Zeitschrift für angewandte Geographie》2015,39(4):193-194