古籍修复用纸谈

为了解决古籍修复纸张短缺问题,国家古籍保护中心启动了古籍修复用纸定制工作。此次定制纸张以古纸为样本,在古代造纸原产地选择生产厂家,采用石灰沤浆,日光漂白等传统手工纸生产工艺生产。经过两年的努力,目前已经生产出了多种规格的竹纸、皮纸和宣纸。经检测,各项指标符合质量要求。对古纸的种类、修复用纸分类和质量要求进行了阐述、对传统和现代手工造纸工艺利弊进行了比较,检测数据证明了定制古籍修复用纸技术路线的正确性。     

第一届当代中国史研究学科前沿论坛综述

2012年11月30日,由当代中国史研究杂志社举办的以"中华人民共和国史研究的新进展与前沿问题"为主题的第一届当代中国史研究学科前沿论坛在当代中国研究所召开。来自全国人大常委会办公厅、中共中央党校、中共中央文献研究室、中共中央党史研究室、军事科学院、上海市社会科学院及当代中国研究所的50多位专家学者参加了论坛。本次论坛共邀请有关学者撰写学术综述28篇,集中围绕中华人民共和国史(以下简称国史)研究在政治、经     

The Formation of Leningrad's Satellite Places

The development of Leningrad's suburban zone began mainly in the Soviet period with the growth of “dormitory” satellites of the central city. Many of the city's satellites perform the same industrial and cultural functions as Leningrad itself. The distribution of commuter areas is analyzed on the basis of winter commutation tickets. In addition to satellites, Leningrad has “associate” cities and towns that supply the central city with electric power and fuels but lack the commuting ties that differentiate true satellites. Further planning of the Leningrad suburban zone should take care not to saturate the suburbs with industry. It is more desirable to locate new plants in small and medium-size cities outside the suburban zone.     

Snow-Cover Dynamics as one of the Factors of Formation of Landscapes of the Moscow Region

The author analyzes the landscape-forming role of the snow cover by distinguishing four snow-cover periods in the winter season and investigating snow-accumulation conditions under various meteorological, relief and vegetation situations. The effect of the snow cover on ground frost, the wintering of plants and animals, the amount of surface runoff and soil erosion in the spring is analyzed for various combinations of conditions in each period.     

Ways of Constructing a Geomorphological Theory

Since the fundamental work of William Morris Davis on a cyclic interpretation of landforms and of Walther Penck on slope development, no new conceptual approach has been offered in geomorphology until the appearance of Lester King's The Morphology of the Earth. But King's emphasis on the hypothesis of continental drift and on the process of pediplanation are judged inadequate for a full-fledged theory of geomorphology. As the new conceptual framework, the author prefers the morphostructural method of Soviet geomorphology, based on the relationship between tectonic elements and surface forms.     

ON THE STUDY OF SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS BY MATHEMATICAL METHODS

Two Soviet regional planners test several spatial interaction models with particular reference to the Kuznetsk Basin (Kemerovo Oblast), the southern belt of West Siberia and a portion of the North Caucasus (Krasnodar Kray). Existing techniques, such as gravity and potential models, are found to work well in areas with relatively uniform settlement patterns, such as the steppe zone of Krasnodar Kray or the southern Ob'-Irtysh subregion of West Siberia, but not in areas with sharp contrasts in settlement patterns, such as the Kuznetsk Basin, where a linear highly urbanized belt is enclosed between sparsely populated mountains. In such contrasting settings, a combination of methods is required.     

PLACE-NAME EVIDENCE IN THE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF MOSCOW

The authors demonstrate that place names can help to reconstruct the changing geography of Moscow by identifying and localizing the stages of the city's growth, the development of its radial-circular layout, the absorption of adjoining villages, the distribution of handicrafts and industries, and the existence of hydrographic features and vegetative cover. (The translation was prepared by James R. Gibson of York University, Toronto.)     

文物三维彩色数字化模型实现方式探讨

随着文物三维数字化技术应用的不断开展,适合于文物的高清晰彩色三维数字模型的实现是一个迫切需要解决的问题.本文从应用和技术角度,分别对文物三维彩色数字化模型实现的几种方式进行了论述,并对其各自特点作了简要的说明.认为从仪器本身角度实现三维彩色数字模型尚有一定难度.用户可根据不同需求,采取不同的实现方式达到应用的目的.     

中国城市间交通流强度的空间格局

以全国321个地级以上行政区为研究对象,基于城市间汽车、火车和航空班次联系测算各城市对外联系强度,通过核密度估计、位序-规模及探索性空间数据分析,对多元交通流视角下城市间交通流强度的空间格局进行提取和解析。研究表明:在整个城市体系中,高位次城市规模凸显,中小规模城市有待于进一步发育。基于公路和铁路联系的城际交通流分别表现为由沿海向内陆逐级减弱、以国家铁路大动脉沿线为中心的核心-边缘结构;基于航空联系的城际交通流表现出高度极化和点状镶嵌特征。