广东汕头市“南澳I号”明代沉船木材的分析研究

为研究南澳I号明代船体木材的保存状况,选择对其部分木材S6隔舱板和尾舱板进行树种鉴定、含水率分析,并采用现代科学的分析手段对样品进行了形貌及化学组成等分析。研究表明:南澳I号S6隔舱板和尾舱板均为山茶科的荷木;目前其平均含水率为327.78%,而正常荷木的最大含水率只有68.26%;与正常木材的化学组分相比,综纤维素降低显著,而灰分、1%NaOH抽出物含量等都有一定程度提高;木材中溶出大量可溶盐,主要以Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、Cl-、SO2-₄等离子为主,总体来看各类离子的含量较高,其中,SO2-₄含量最高。且含有较多硫铁化合物,主要成分为黄铁矿。总体分析表明,在海水中长期浸泡后,南澳I号木材中的纤维素等有机支撑体已经发生了严重降解,水和大量盐分充盈在细胞腔内,木船构件样品的基本密度显著降低。所以除了水浸泡除去可溶性盐之外,还要选择恰当的化学吸附剂对南澳I号木材进行脱硫工作。     

晚明党争人物的地理分布和特征

明代晚期是整个明代政治斗争最为激烈的一个阶段,浙党、魏忠贤阉党、东林、复社,彼此之间的政治党争呈现错综复杂的形势。其中,鲜明的地域性派别成为晚明党争的一个重要特征。在党争中所体现的地域扶持和异派倾轧,与各个政治派别的人员构成有着非常重要的关系。通过对这些派别主要成员的籍贯的地理分布的研究,可以对当时的某些政治现象作出更加合理的解释。     

Developing sustainable cultural policies in Turkey: an investigation of public opinion on the theatre scene

The arts scene in Turkey has been witnessing many discussions with the revealing of the governmental reform agenda on the state support model for the arts that includes establishment of an arts council type institution, the closure of the State Theatres and, the State Opera and Ballet. Nevertheless, despite strong public criticism on this reform agenda, there has never been any comprehensive research to reflect the public opinion. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to recent discussions by providing data on public opinion regarding such a fundamental change, with a particular focus on theatre. Towards this end, a survey was conducted in Istanbul. The findings demonstrate that the majority, including both users and non-users of theatre, value the State Theatres and are in favour of sustaining it. There is also a common belief that in case of the State Theatres’ closure, the private theatres cannot undertake its public mission.     

中国春运人口流动网络的富人俱乐部现象与不平衡性分析

基于“百度地图春节人口迁徙大数据”,利用加权网络的富人俱乐部系数和归一化不平衡系数方法,对2015年中国春运期间人口流动网络的富人俱乐部现象和不平衡性进行分析。研究结果表明：中国春运人口流动网络中存在明显的富人俱乐部现象,富人俱乐部城市包括北京、上海、广州、苏州、深圳和东莞,这些城市主导了超过77.66%中国城市的省际人口流动,且与这些城市之间的人口流动多属于不平衡关系,同时俱乐部城市之间、俱乐部城市与一小部分城市之间则属于平衡关系,这种流动格局很容易造成各城市在人口流动网络中的地位分化,严重影响了人口流动网络的公平性和安全性。     

17—18世纪清朝理藩院对中俄贸易的监督与管理

在理藩院处理的对外事务中,中俄交往占有重要地位,其中包括对中俄贸易的监督与管理。中俄贸易问题不仅与两国间的边界、逃人和准噶尔问题密切相关,还涉及到清政府对喀尔喀蒙古的逐步控制等一系列政治问题,这些都体现在理藩院对中俄贸易的管理实践中。本文以中俄贸易关系中的理藩院地位为中心,以理藩院对中俄贸易的监理为切入点,探讨清政府对俄贸易政策的演变,考察理藩院的外交地位以及在处理对俄贸易过程中对喀尔喀蒙古的逐步控制。     

1950年美国媒体对马克南入藏事件的报道剖析

20世纪40年代,以美国国务院驻中国迪化领事馆副领事身份为掩护的中情局间谍马克南在中国新疆从事秘密谍报活动,并于新中国成立前夕率一行五人队伍自中国新疆秘密入藏。但《纽约时报》等美国媒体却矢口否认马克南的间谍身份,并指责"中国的宣传机器在制造美国特务案例"。美国媒体对马克南入藏事件的报道是历史真实与谎言的混合体,其报道内容的缺失,直接影响了美国民众对事实真相的全面了解和客观判断,对今日美国人"西藏观"的形成产生了消极的影响。     

TERRITORIAL-PRODUCTION COMPLEXES

In light of the renewed stress on the creation of territorial-production complexes during the current five-year plan (1976–80), a prominent economic geographer reviews the Soviet approach to such complexes, with particular emphasis on lower-level intraregional entities, combining a series of interrelated productive and service activities as well as population (as the source of labor) into an integrated whole. The cost benefits that can be derived from common engineering communications, transport lines and support industries are discussed in detail. A simple classification distinguishes industrial complexes, combined agricultural-industrial and industrial-agricultural complexes (depending on the predominant activity), combined industrial-transport complexes, and service complexes (in which research and development, education, and other service functions predominate). [The author died in February 1976 at the age of 72.]     

A NEW ESTIMATE OF THE ADVISABILITY OF PARTITIONING OFF THE NORTHEASTERN SHOALS OF THE CASPIAN SEA

On the basis of new calculations of the loss of water through evaporation from the temporarily flooded litteral zone of the northeast Caspian and the possible savings in the water budget that might be achieved by partitioning off the northeast shoals, the authors conclude that little would be gained by any project designed to reduce the water area of the northern Caspian.     

ALMA-ATA CONFERENCE ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF A DROP IN THE LEVEL OF THE ARAL SEA

A large body of empirical data on the dynamics of local travel in the USSR is surveyed to illustrate the influence of commuter movement on the formation and spatial interaction of settlement systems. Correlations are established between commuting patterns and the population levels of cities of different size cateogries. (Translated by Marcia Levenson, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.)