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91.
This paper presents a provenance study of 170 ceramic artifacts and 21 ceramic tiles from three islands in the Samoan archipelago using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Our analyses confirm that LA-ICP-MS can be used to differentiate between clay formations on a single island. We identify different distribution patterns for pottery recovered from lowland and highland sites on Tutuila Island. We also examine evidence for movement of pottery between islands, and find only limited evidence for such movement. Our findings suggest dynamic patterns of prehistoric interaction and site use that need to be evaluated with further data from across the archipelago. 相似文献
92.
Laura A. B. Wilson Suzanne J. Hand Camilo López-Aguirre Michael Archer Karen H. Black Robin M. D. Beck 《Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Paleontology》2016,40(4):509-524
Wilson, L.A.B., Hand, S.J., López-Aguirre, C., Archer, M., Black, K.H., Beck, R.M.D., Armstrong, K.N. & Wroe, S., July 2016. Cranial shape variation and phylogenetic relationships of extinct and extant Old World leaf-nosed bats. Alcheringa 40, 509–524. ISSN 0311-5518The leaf-nosed bats in Hipposideridae and Rhinonycteridae currently have an Old World tropical to subtropical distribution, with a fossil record extending back to the middle Eocene of Europe. The Riversleigh World Heritage fossil site in northwestern Queensland constitutes a particularly rich archive of faunal diversity for Old World leaf-nosed bats, having yielded more than 20 species. We used 2D geometric morphometrics to quantify cranial shape in hipposiderids and rhinonycterids, with the aim of referring unallocated fossil species, particularly from Riversleigh, to each family within a phylogenetic framework, and using a quantitative approach to reconstruct cranial shape for key clades in these Old World radiations. Our sample comprised 21 extant hipposiderids and rhinonycterids, 1 megadermatid and 1 rhinolophid, in which 31 landmarks were placed in lateral and ventral views, and five measurements were taken in dorsal view. The phylogeny used as the framework for this study was based on an analysis of 64 discrete morphological characters from the dentition, cranium and postcranium scored for 42 extant and fossil hipposiderids and rhinonycterids and five outgroup taxa (rhinolophids and megadermatids). The phylogenetic analysis was conducted using maximum parsimony, with relationships among selected extant taxa constrained to match the results of recent comprehensive molecular studies. Our phylogenetic results suggest that the Riversleigh leaf-nosed bats probably do not represent an endemic Australian radiation, with fossil species spread throughout the tree and several with sister-group relationships with non-Australian taxa. Discriminant analyses (DA) conducted separately on each dataset resulted in cross-validated classification success ranging from 61.9% for ventral landmarks to 71.4% for lateral landmarks. Classification of the original grouped cases resulted in success of 81% for each dataset. Of the eight fossil taxa included as unknowns in the DA, six were found to be assigned to the same group as recovered by the phylogenetic analysis. From our results, we assign the Riversleigh Miocene species Archerops annectens, Brachipposideros watsoni, Brevipalatus mcculloughi, Rhinonicteris tedfordi and Xenorhinos halli to Rhinonycteridae, and Riversleigha williamsi and Hipposideros bernardsigei to Hipposideridae. Our results support Pseudorhinolophus bouziguensis, from the early Miocene of Bouzigues in southern France, as belonging to Hipposideridae, and probably Hipposideros. The reconstructed ancestor of hipposiderids was distinguished from that of the rhinonycterids by having a shorter rostrum, and less of a distinction between the rostrum and braincase.Laura A.B. Wilson [laura. wilson@unsw. edu. au], Suzanne J. Hand [s. hand@unsw. edu. au], Camilo López-Aguirre [c. lopez-aguirre@unsw. edu. au], Michael Archer [m. archer@unsw. edu. au] and Karen H. Black [k. black@unsw. edu. au], PANGEA Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052; Robin M.D. Beck [r. m. d. beck@salford. ac. uk], School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK; Kyle N. Armstrong* [kyle. armstrong@adelaide. edu. au], Department of Genetics and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. *Also affiliated with South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Stephen Wroe [swroe@une. edu. au], School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia. 相似文献
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94.
Suzanne Marchand 《Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte》2019,42(2-3):126-149
This essay investigates the origins and assesses the advantages and disadvantages of the new field known as Wissensgeschichte from the perspective of an American intellectual historian. It argues that while some historians of science may be ready to embrace a new identity as historians of knowledge, this terminology remains baggy and invites facile applications of Foucauldian theory. The essay concludes with the hope that the history of knowledge approach may instead open up new avenues for conversation and collaboration between historians of science and garden variety historians. 相似文献
95.
Anna K. Gillespie Michael Archer Suzanne J. Hand Karen H. Black 《Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Paleontology》2013,37(4):513-527
Gillespie, A.K., Archer, M., Hand, S.J. & Black, K.H., 2014. New material referable to Wakaleo (Marsupialia: Thylacoleonidae) from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland: revising species boundaries and distributions in Oligo/Miocene marsupial lions. Alcheringa 38, 513–527. ISSN 0311–5518.New material of Wakaleo oldfieldi and W. vanderleueri from the Miocene freshwater limestones of the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland, is described. This material includes the first known upper dentition of W. oldfieldi and dentaries of both species bearing the previously undescribed and morphologically distinct M3. Previously, the two species were distinguished only by size differences in P3 and the size of P3 relative to M1. Wakaleo oldfieldi exhibits a more plesiomorphic M3 that retains a well-developed talonid basin in contrast to W. vanderleueri, which has lost this structure. The phyletic succession and geological occurrences of Wakaleo species make this genus an important taxon in biochronological analyses of Australian Cenozoic assemblages. At Riversleigh, W. oldfieldi is found in deposits allocated to Faunal Zone B and Faunal Zone C, which are regarded as early and middle Miocene in age, respectively. The presence of this species in the Kutjamarpu Local Fauna of central Australia suggests that fauna may be of a similar age. Broader faunal correlations have suggested Faunal Zone C correlates with the middle Miocene Bullock Creek Local Fauna, which contains the more derived W. vanderleueri. Based on stage-of-evolution arguments, W. oldfieldi should occur in older deposits than those yielding W. vanderleueri. The presence of both species of Wakaleo in Faunal Zone C assemblages at Riversleigh suggests that current presumptions about the contemporaneity of the many Faunal Zone C Sites should be examined more rigorously.Anna K. Gillespie [a. gillespie@unsw. edu. au], Michael Archer [m. archer@unsw. edu. au], Suzanne J. Hand [s. hand@unsw. edu. au] and Karen H. Black [k. black@unsw. edu. au] School of Biological Earth and Environmental Science, UNSW 2052, Sydney, Australia. Received 3.1.2014, revised 21.2.2014, accepted 21.3.2014. 相似文献
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98.
This article analyzes the thematic and visual content of ten years of nightly television news coverage of women in the workforce and employment discrimination. The authors find that the total amount of coverage is small, the visual context often undercuts the usually anti-discriminatory text, and NBC provided the most coverage. The possible sources of these patterns are examined: the elite newspaper agents, male domination of network news, decision-making, cultural definitions of event news, and consensus values and news controversy. 相似文献
99.
In this paper exurbanization is regarded as a process involving the movement of a household from an urban area to another location beyond the contiguously built-up urban region but within its extensive commuting field. The primary definitive feature is that one or more persons within the household retains regular employment ties with the urban area. Although various influences on the inter-and intra-urban migration of households have been considered extensively in the migration literature (Clark 1982), exurbanization has yet to be placed in the context of this literature and examined with similar rigour. The issue, to paraphrase Rossi and Shlay (1982), is not just why households move, but why they choose to move where they do - that is, why have some become exurbanite households? 相似文献
100.
Bernard Marchand 《Geographical analysis》1977,9(1):42-50
Pedestrian flows to and from a rapid transit line station follow distance-decay functions; an exponential model with a second-degree exponent fits well the data. Observed flows in function of the distance are indicated. The average walking distance is larger than usually assumed: eleven minutes, i.e., one kilometer. The use of the subway by each professional category follows a definite pattern. 相似文献