Zukunft Ruhr 2030

Zusammenfassung  Regionale Entwicklungsstrategien werden in der Regel ohne substanzielle Beteiligung der Wirtschaft entwickelt. Das war im Projekt „Zukunft Ruhr 2030“ anders. Hier hat der „Initiativkreis Ruhrgebiet“, die Vereinigung gro?er Unternehmen in der Metropolregion Ruhr, Entwicklungsperspektiven für die Region aus Sicht der Wirtschaft entworfen. Sechs führende Unternehmensberatungen haben in Zusammenarbeit mit Experten aus Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft verschiedene Themenfelder untersucht, eine Vision entwickelt und daraus eine Entwicklungsstrategie für die kommenden Jahre abgeleitet.     

Der „Mitteleuropäische Kristall“ – zwischen „Blauer Banane“ und „osteuropäischem Pentagon“

Der deutsch-tschechische Grenzraum liegt gewisserma?en in einer Sandwich-Position zwischen verschiedenen europ?ischen Makroregionen; auf europ?ischer Ebene wird er bislang eher als Verbindungselement wahrgenommen. Seine innere Struktur ist von einer relativ geringen Besiedlungsdichte und ausgepr?gten Stadt-Land-Unterschieden gekennzeichnet. Im Frühjahr 2006 gründeten die beiden nationalen Regierungen eine deutsch-tschechische Arbeitsgruppe für Raumentwicklung. Der Artikel skizziert, welche Ziele und Erwartungen damit verbunden werden und welche Funktionen ein solches Gremium übernehmen kann. Dazu wird zun?chst die Ausgangssituation dieses Raumes skizziert. Abschlie?end wird das m?gliche Leitbild des „Mitteleurop?ischen Kristalls“ vorgestellt.     

Early Medieval Trade on Japan’s Southern Frontier and its Effect on Okinawan State Development: Grey Stoneware of the East China Sea

In this paper I examine the development of a particular kind of grey stoneware called kamuiyaki which was produced and traded within the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan, in the eleventh to fourteenth centuries. The wares themselves, their chronology, and archaeological context are discussed. The kilns represent the first enterprise in the islands in which a commodity was made for exchange on a substantial scale. The establishment of the kilns in a remote area, with technological borrowing from both Japan and Korea, reflects social and economic trends of the beginning of the Medieval Period in Japan. Greyware production, circulation, and consumption, reconstructed from recent excavations, shows a political economy capable of fostering the development of small states on the island of Okinawa in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.     

Ethnoarchaeology: A Non Historical Science of Reference Necessary for Interpreting the Past

Ethnoarchaeology appears nowadays as a poorly formulated field. However, it could become a real science of reference for interpreting the past if it was focused upon well-founded cross-cultural correlates, linking material culture with static and dynamic phenomena. For this purpose, such correlates have to be studied in terms of explanatory mechanisms. Cross-cultural correlates correspond to those regularities where explanatory mechanisms invoke universals. These universals can be studied by reference to the theories found in the different disciplines they relate to and which are situated outside of the domain of archaeology. In the domain of technology, cross-cultural correlates cover a wide range of static and dynamic phenomena. They allow the archaeologist to interpret archaeological facts—for which there is not necessarily analogue—in terms of local historical scenario as well as cultural evolution. In this respect, it is shown that ethnoarchaeology, when following appropriate methodologies and focussing on the universals that underlie the diversity of archaeological facts, does provide the reference data needed to climb up in the pyramid of inferences that make up our interpretative constructs.     

The Art of Taphonomy and the Taphonomy of Art: Layer IV,Molodova I,Ukraine

Level IV of Molodova I, an open-air Middle Paleolithic site in the Ukraine has been described by some researchers as a possible source of evidence for early symbolic behavior. We examined bone objects from this layer that were identified by Ukrainian researchers as exhibiting possible Neandertal produced engravings including two anthropomorphic figures. While we have determined that there is no evidence of symbolic activity at Molodova I, the database we have created, with its systematic recording of traces left by taphonomic agents on faunal remains, provides a better understanding of the overall site taphonomy.     

Applying forensic techniques to interpret cranial fracture patterns in an archaeological specimen

This paper presents some of the basic principles of bone fracture physics and outlines characteristics used by forensic anthropologists to distinguish gunshot trauma from blunt trauma. The fracture pattern of a cranium from a historic cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee provides an example of how the mechanism of trauma could be misinterpreted. The pattern of the perimortem fractures is indicative of gunshot trauma with a bullet entering one side of the vault and impacting the opposite side. Identification of radiating fractures, concentric heaving fractures, and observation of the direction of bevel on the fractured surfaces are essential for interpretation of the mechanism that produced the injury.     

Reviews

SPECIAL STUDY ON ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN NON‐SELF‐GOVERNING TERRITORIES. United Nations, N.Y., 1960. Pp. v + 42. $1.50.

LAND, “WATER AND FOOD. Herbert Addison. 2nd edition, London, Chapman & Hall, 1961. Pp. xii + 284. Stg. 21/‐.

THE ATTACK ON WORLD POVERTY. Andrew Shonfield. London, Chatto & Windus, 1960. Pp. x + 244. Australian Price 34/9.

THE ECONOMICS OF DEFENSE IN THE NUCLEAR AGE. Charles J. Hitch and Roland N. MeKean. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1960. Pp. xiv + 422. Australian price 98/3.

DEFENCE BY COMMITTEE. F. A. Johnson. London, Oxford University Press, 1960. Pp. viii + 416. Australian price 81/3.

EMPIRE INTO COMMONWEALTH—the Chichele Lectures, Oxford, May 1960. Earl Attlee. London, Oxford University Press, 1961. Pp. 54. Australian price 12/6.

TANGANYIKA AND INTERNATIONAL TRUSTEESHIP. B. T. G. Chidzero. For the Royal Institute of International Affairs. London, Oxford University Press, 1961. Pp. xii + 286. 2 maps. Australian price 57/9.

MULTI‐RACIAL SOUTH AFRICA. Z. J. de Beer. For the Institute of Race Relations. London, Oxford University Press, 1961. Pp. vii + 69. Australian price 10/‐.

POLITICAL AFRICA: A WHO'S WHO OF PERSONALITIES AND PARTIES. Ronald Segal. London, Stevens, 1961. Pp. xii + 475. Australian price 72/‐.

INDIA'S CONSTITUTION IN THE MAKING. B. N. Rau. Calcutta, Orient Longmans, 1960. Pp. 510. Rs. 25.

OIL IN THE MIDDLE EAST. S. H. Longrigg. For the Royal Institute of International Affairs. London, Oxford University Press, 1961. Pp. xiii + 401. Australian price 55/6.

TRADE PROTECTION IN AUSTRALIA. A. J. Reitsma. Leiden and Brisbane. H. E. Stenfert Kroese and University of Queensland Press, 1960. Pp. xi + 195. Australian price 40/‐.

NEW MEN OF PAPUA: A STUDY IN CULTURE CHANGE. Robert F. Maher. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1961, Pp. xii + 148.