Risk Management Strategies Among African-American Slaves at Locust Grove Plantation

African Americans faced a variety of risks under the institution of slavery. The theory of risk management is used as a context for understanding the lives of slaves at Locust Grove Plantation in Kentucky and for deconstructing the common myth that slavery was unusually mild there. African Americans used a diversity of means at Locust Grove to cope with risk, including generalized reciprocity, food storage, religion, and strong kinship/community bonds.     

Embodied bicycle commuters in a car world

As an initiative to increase cycling, bike to work (BTW) events emphasize a pragmatic approach in which people learn through sensory experience. Pragmatism contends that the lived experience of the commuter within fluid geographies of social and physical conditions informs commuting knowledge and behavior. I researched how bicyclists participate in the 2012 BTW event in Lake Tahoe (USA) and how these experiences facilitate the process of becoming bicycle commuters. My study included participant observations, interviews, video observations, and route mapping. I analyzed this data with thematic and narrative analyses. I find that the BTW event illuminates bicycling, a normally invisible practice in a car world, and creates temporary bicycle-friendly spaces that provide the embodied experience and knowledge of bicycle commuting within context. Through this lived experience, participants can break free from unconscious car-based patterns and become embodied bicycle commuters who engage in active renegotiations of their commuting practices.     

中国西部地区环境与移民观点的综述及其新认识

本文首先综述了中国西部地区生态环境与移民的各种观点,然后对中国及其东部地区、西部地区以及西部地区各省区进行人口对环境压力的空间分析,在此基础上,笔者阐述了自己对中国西部地区环境与移民的观点。     

Probabilistic Regionalization via Evidence Accumulation with Random Spanning Trees as Weak Spatial Representations

Spatial clusters contain biases and artifacts, whether they are defined via statistical algorithms or via expert judgment. Graph-based partitioning of spatial data and associated heuristics gained popularity due to their scalability but can define suboptimal regions due to algorithmic biases such as chaining. Despite the broad literature on deterministic regionalization methods, approaches that quantify regionalization probability are sparse. In this article, we propose a local method to quantify regionalization probabilities for regions defined via graph-based cuts and expert-defined regions. We conceptualize spatial regions as consisting of two types of spatial elements: core and swing. We define three distinct types of regionalization biases that occur in graph-based methods and showcase the use of the proposed method to capture these types of biases. Additionally, we propose an efficient solution to the probabilistic graph-based regionalization problem via performing optimal tree cuts along random spanning trees within an evidence accumulation framework. We perform statistical tests on synthetic data to assess resulting probability maps for varying distinctness of underlying regions and regionalization parameters. Lastly, we showcase the application of our method to define probabilistic ecoregions using climatic and remotely sensed vegetation indicators and apply our method to assign probabilities to the expert-defined Bailey's ecoregions.     

天津艺术博物馆藏砚举例 兼谈《中国历代名砚拓谱》

天津艺术博物馆素以珍藏佳砚而著称于世,在藏砚界有＂半壁江山＂之誉。所收藏的历代古砚质地名贵,造型美观,品种多样,雕刻精湛,多为世间珍品。如造型古朴的宋砚、温润如玉的端砚、奇姿异彩的歙砚、质地优良的澄泥砚,以及清代名家学者隽铭收藏之砚等等。     

试论清朝对汉族的政策

清朝是以满族统治者为主体联合蒙古族、汉族等民族统治者而建立的中国最后一个封建王朝,在以少临众的历史条件下,统治中国近三百年,这与其成功的民族政策是密不可分的。清朝的民族政策大致可分为对汉族的政策和对少数民族的政策,本文主要分析清朝对汉族政策形成的社会背景与主要内容,以及对我们今天民族工作所给予的启示。     

云阳县马粪沱墓出土战国晚期汉代青铜器的分析研究

通过对云阳马粪沱墓出土战国晚期——汉代铜器标本的电镜扫描和金像分析,结合考古学背景,我们进行一些研究。     

建国初期中国共产党对私营金融业的社会主义改造

建国初期,我党参照、借鉴前苏联的经验,根据本国实际情况,通过加强对私营金融业的管理和整顿、积极引导私营金融业的资金投放和业务经营、组织私营行庄联合经营和联合管理、进行全行业社会主义改造四个阶段,最终完成了对私营金融业的社会主义改造任务,建立了社会主义的金融体系.