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Shuenn-Yih Chang 《Journal of Earthquake Engineering》2013,17(5):694-711
Numerical properties of the Newmark explicit method in the solution of nonlinear systems are evaluated by introducing a parameter, which is named the instantaneous degree of nonlinearity, to monitor the variation of stiffness with time. Stability analysis reveals that the upper stability limit is inversely proportional to the square root of the instantaneous degree of nonlinearity and thus it is no longer equal to 2 for nonlinear systems. In fact, it is shrunk as instantaneous degree of nonlinearity is larger than 1 while it is enlarged as instantaneous degree of nonlinearity is less than 1. It is also proved that the satisfaction of stability limits for each time step implies a stable computation in the complete step-by-step integration procedure. Accuracy analysis shows that the relative period error is increased with the increase of the instantaneous degree of nonlinearity for a given product of the initial natural frequency and time step. Furthermore, a rough guideline is proposed for accurate integration of nonlinear systems and its appropriateness is confirmed with numerical examples. 相似文献
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Chia-Ming Chang Thomas M. Frankie Billie F. Spencer Jr. Daniel A. Kuchma 《Journal of Earthquake Engineering》2013,17(2):277-296
This study proposes a high-precision positioning correction method for multiple degree-of-freedom loading units in hybrid simulation. These loading units can impose inaccurate displacements to the specimens due to the elastic deformation at the reaction wall or connections. To compensate for these displacement errors, an online correction method adjusts the displacement command by the difference between the target and achieved displacement. This correction method also accompanies an accurate 6DOF monitoring system to detect the displacement errors. Two examples of hybrid simulation tests are provided to demonstrate the precise displacements attained on the specimens through this control method. 相似文献
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Shuenn-Yih Chang 《Journal of Earthquake Engineering》2013,17(8):1220-1233
It is numerically illustrated that an unusual overshooting phenomenon might occur in the solution of a forced vibration response if a structure-dependent integration method is applied to conduct the analysis, such as Chang explicit method [2002] and CR explicit method [2008]. This overshooting may occur in the steady-state response of a high frequency mode and it becomes significant as the natural frequency of the mode increases. This unusual overshooting behavior can be successfully detected by using a local truncation error derived from a forced vibration response rather than a free vibration response. A missing loading term in the difference equation for displacement increment is responsible for this unusual overshoot. It is analytically and numerically verified that the unusual overshooting behavior will automatically disappear after introducing the missing loading term into the difference equation for displacement increment. 相似文献
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The authors describe a cartometric method of analyzing natural landscapes for developmental purposes. Cartometry is designed to provide a quantitative evaluation of the morphologic structure of the landscapes of a given study area. Taking an area in the northeastern part of Kustanay Oblast, the authors prepared sample maps showing the lake coverage of the area, the economic potential of the hydromorphic units of the landscapes, and the morphologic structure of the landscapes. 相似文献
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This article presents a rare inside view of a unique project currently underway in China to study and preserve the memory of possibly the single most seminal event in Chinese modern history, the War of Resistance against Japan (1937-45). The article introduces a multi-faceted program to preserve the wartime cultural heritage; the work is ongoing in the thriving western metropolis of Chongqing, once China's bomb-torn wartime capital and international Allied command center. It describes how, seven decades after World War II, scholars, cultural workers, government experts, and artists in China are joining hands in an unprecedented, all-encompassing project to record, restore, and recount the extraordinary legacy of China's War of Resistance in its local, as well as national and global contexts. 相似文献
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Yuan‐Ching Chang 《Australian journal of political science》2004,39(3):605-623
The trade–conflict model claims that one state, designated as the ‘actor’, is deterred from initiating conflict against a trading partner, designated as the ‘target’, for fear of losing the welfare gains associated with trade. This article extends the trade–conflict model to examine the effect of country size on the trade gains among countries. We derive three propositions with regard to international interactions that pertain to the links between trade, conflict and country size. These hypotheses all imply that a country with an improvement in its terms of trade with a large country will decrease conflict more than it would with an improvement in its terms of trade with a small country. A 30‐country sample from the Conflict and Peace Data Bank (COPDAB) is used for empirical tests. The empirical analyses support the derived hypotheses. The model predicts that a country's ability to influence domestic consumption in a trading partner is an important determinant of international interactions. 相似文献
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激光诱导击穿光谱分析法是基于激光辐射与物质相互作用产生等离子体而进行实时、快速测定、表征的一种光谱分析新方法。其具有高灵敏度、高分辨率,分析速度快,样品用量少,无需样品预处理,一次光谱可测定多种元素组分等特点,且可在非破坏和非接触的条件下进行在线和实时分析测定,已广泛应用于材料、生物、环境、冶金、医学和文物等领域的测量和表征研究。本文从激光诱导击穿光谱分析法的基本原理、仪器装置及其在彩绘文物研究中的应用和进展进行了综述。 相似文献