Reviews

Geoffrey Hawker, Who's Master, Who's Servant? Reforming Bureaucracy, Sydney, George Allen & Unwin, 1981, pp. 100. $12.95, $5.95 (paper).

Robert Catley and Bruce McFarlane Australian Capitalism in Boom and Depression: Options for the 1980's, Chippendale, Alternative Publishing Cooperative Ltd, 1981, pp. 249. $21.95, $9.95 (paper).

Robert Birrell and Tanya Birrell, An Issue of People: Population and Australian Society, Melbourne, Longman Cheshire, 1981, pp. 277. $9.95.

Jim Kemeny, The Myth of Home Ownership; Private Versus Public Choices in Housing Tenures, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981, pp. 173. 6.95 (paper—Routledge Direct Editions).

R.F. Henderson (ed), The Welfare Stakes: Strategies for Australian Social Policy. Melbourne; Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, University of Melbourne, 1981. $6.95.

Heather Radi, Peter Spearritt, Elizabeth Hinton Biographical Register of the New South Wales Parliament 1901–1970 Canberra, ANU Press, 1979, pp. 302. $24.95, $12.50 (paper).

R.L. Mathews (ed), Regional Disparities and Economic Development, Canberra, Centre for Research on Federal Financial Relations and the ANU Press, pp. 254, $12.00 (paper).

Grant Amyot, The Italian Communist Party, London, Croom Helm, 1981, pp. 252 212.95; Carl Boggs and David Plotke (eds), The Politics of Eurocommunism: Socialism in Transition, London, Mac‐millan, 1980, pp. 479. $13.95

J.A. Ballard (ed), Policy‐Making in a New State: Papua New Guinea 1972–77, St Lucia, University of Queensland Press, 1981, pp. 331. $25.

Joseph Camilleri, Chinese Foreign Policy; The Maoist Era and its Aftermath, Oxford, Martin Robertson, 1980, pp. 311. 225.

L.J. Macfarlane, The Right to Strike, Harmond‐sworth, Penguin, 1981, pp. 201. $6.95.

Ian Bradley, Breaking the Mould? The Birth and Prospects of the Social Democratic Party, Oxford, Martin Robertson, 1981, pp. 172. 22.95 (paper).

Shirley Williams, Politics is for People, Harmond‐sworth, Penguin Books, 1981, pp. 230. $6.95.

V.L. Allen, The Militancy of British Miners, Bail‐don Green, Yorkshire, The Moor Press (distributed in Australia by Australian Studies Books), 1981, pp. 337. n.p.a.

Robert Behrens, The Conservative Party From Heath to Thatcher: Policies and Politics 1974–1979, Farnborough, Saxon House, 1980, pp. 139. $20.50.

Neill Nugent and Roger King (eds), The British Right: Conservative and Right Wing Politics in Britain, Farnborough, Saxon House, 1977, pp. 230. $31.00.

Ahmed Mohiddin, African Socialism in Two Countries, London, Croom Helm, 1981, pp. 231. 212.50.

Jan Jelmert Jorgenson, Uganda: A Modern History, London, Croom Helm, 1981, pp. 381. 213.95.

Mohammed Ayoob (ed), The Middle East in World Politics, London, Croom Helm, 1981, pp. 217. 210.95.

Aryeh Y. Yodfat and Yuval Arnon‐Ohanna, PLO Strategy and Tactics, London, Croom Helm, 1981, pp. 225.211.50.

David Lane, Leninism: a sociological interpretation, Cambridge University Press, 1981, pp. 150. 213.50, 24.50 (paper).

Donald C. Hodges, The Bureaucratization of Socialism, The University of Massachusetts Press, 1981, pp. 210. $15.00.

Marshall S. Shatz, Soviet Dissent in Historical Perspective, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1980, pp. 214. $32.25.

Seweryn Bialer (ed), The Domestic Context of Soviet Foreign Policy, Boulder, Colorado & London, Westview/Croom Helm, 441 pp. 214.95.

Raymond Plant, Harry Lesser and Peter Taylor‐Gooby, Political Philosophy and Social Welfare: Essays on the Normative Basis of Welfare Provision, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980, pp. 262. 8.95, 4.95 (paper).

William E. Connolly, Appearance and Reality in Politics, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1981, pp. 218.15.00.

Jane J. Mansbridge, Beyond Adversary Democracy, New York, Basic Books, 1980, pp. 377. US$20.

William A. Galston, Justice and the Human Good, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1980, pp. 324. US$27.95.

Norma Grieve and Patricia Grimshaw (eds), Australian Women. Feminist Perspectives, Melbourne, Oxford University Press, 1981, pp. 333. $9.95 (paper).

Joni Lovenduski and Jill Hills (eds).Tfie Politics of the Second Electorate: Women and Public Participation. London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981, pp. 332. 6.95 (paper).

E.M. Ettorre, Lesbians, Women and Society, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980, pp. 208. $13.95.

Jane Lewis, The Politics of Motherhood, Child and Maternal Welfare in England 1900–1939, London, Croom Helm 1980, pp. 235. $17.50.

Dale Spender, Man Made Language, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980, pp. 250. 4.95 (paper).     

Book reviews

Ronald G. Ehrenberg, Labor Markets and Integrating National Economies. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1994. xxvi + 126 pp. No price given.

F.M. Scherer. Competition Policies for an Integrated World Economy, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1994. xxii + 133 pp. No price given.

Sylvia Ostry and Richard R. Nelson, Techno‐Nationalism and Techno‐Globalism: Conflict and Cooperation. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1995. xxvi + 160 pp. $US28.95 (paper).

Richard N. Cooper, Environmental and Resource Policies for the World Economy. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1994. No price given.

C. Randall Henning, Currencies and Politics in the United States, Germany, And Japan. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1994. 432 pp. $17.99.

Ming Zhang, Major Powers at a Crossroads: Economic Interdependence and an Asia‐Pacific Security Community. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner, 1995. xiii + 223 pp. $US49.95 (cloth).

Zaki Laïdi (ed.), Power and Purpose After the Cold War. Oxford and Providence, RI: Berg, 1994. xv + 213 pp. £14.95 (paper), £34.95 (cloth).

Hans‐Henrik Holm and Georg S0rensen (eds), Whose World Order? Uneven Globalization and the End of the Cold War. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1995. x + 246 pp. $US28.95 (paper).

Geoffrey Stern, The Structure of International Society: an Introduction to the Study of International Relations. London and New York: Pinter, 1995. vi + 314 pp. £11.99 (paper).

David Held, Democracy and the Global Order: From the Modern State to Cosmopolitan Governance. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995. xii + 324 pp. £13.95 (paper).

James L. Richardson, Crisis Diplomacy: The Great Powers Since the Mid‐Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. x + 426 pp. $32.50 (paper).

James Burk (ed.), The Military in New Times: Adapting Armed Forces to a Turbulent World. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994. ix + 212 pp. $US44.95 (cloth).

Lawrence Freedman (ed.), Military Intervention in European Conflicts. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1994. 195 pp. $39.95 (paper).

Mark Curtis, The Ambiguities of Power: British Foreign Policy Since 1945. London: Zed Books, 1995. vi + 250 pp. $US25.00 (paper), SUS59.95 (cloth).

Wang Enbao, Hong Kong, 1997: The Politics of Transition. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1995. xiii + 231 pp. $US45.00 (cloth).

Kobkua Suwannathat‐Pian, Thailand's Durable Premier. Phibun Through Three Decades, 1932–1957. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1995. xiv + 332 pp. $39.95 (cloth).

Sandy Gordon and Stephen Henningham (eds), India Looks East: An Emerging Power and its Asia‐Pacific Neighbours. Canberra: Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence, No. 111, Australian National University, 1995. xx + 280 pp. $24.00 (paper).

Ralph R. Premdas, Ethnic Conflict and Development: The Case of Fiji. Aldershot (UK): Avebury, 1995. xi + 198 pp. £45.00 (cloth).

Werner J. Feld and Robert S. Jordan with Leon Hurwitz, International Organizations. A Comparative Approach. 3rd edn. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 1994. xxiii + 338 pp. $US24.95 (paper), $US75.00 (cloth).     

Measured domestication rates in wild wheats and barley under primitive cultivation,and their archaeological implications

Man's (or, more probably, Woman's) first cereal crops were sown from seed gathered from wild stands, and it was in the course of cultivation that domestication occurred. Experiments in the measurement of domestication rates indicate that in wild-type crops of einkorn, emmer, and barley under primitive systems of husbandry: (a) domestication will occur only if they are harvested when partially or nearly ripe, using specific harvesting methods; (b) exposure to shifting cultivation may sometimes have been required; and (c) under these conditions, the crops could become completely domesticated within 200 years, and perhaps only 20–30 years, without any conscious selection. This paper (a) considers possible delays in the start of domestication due to early crops of wild-type cereals lacking domestic-types mutants; (b) examines the husbandry practices necessary for these mutants to enjoy any selective advantage; (c) considers the state of ripeness at harvest necessary for the crops to respond to these selective pressures; (d) outlines field measurements of the selective intensities arising from analogous husbandry practices applied experimentally to living wild-type crops; (e) summarizes a mathematical model which incorporates the measured selective intensities and other key variables and which describes the rate of increase in domestic-type mutants in early populations of wild-type cereals under specific combinations of primitive husbandry practices; (f) considers why very early cultivators should have used those husbandry methods which, we suggest, led unconsciously to the domestication of wild wheats and barley; and (g) considers whether these events are likely to leave archaeologically recognizable traces.     

Advancing the occult standard

History, Prophecy, and the Stars: The Christian Astrology of Pierre d'Ailly. By Laura Ackerman Smoller (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), xii + 233 pp., $35.00 cloth.

The Jewish Alchemists: A History and Sourcebook. By Raphael Patai (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), xv + 617 pp., $35.00/£29.95 cloth.

Access to Western Esotericism. By Antoine Faivre (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994), x + 369 pp., $19.95 cloth.     

Marxism and Anticlericalism: The Parti Ouvrier Français and the War against Religion, 1882–1905

This article analyses the relationship between French anticlericalism — one of the strongest forces within that nation's political culture — and the Parti Ouvrier Français — the embodiment of nascent Marxism in France. It reveals the ambiguities of the POF's engagement with religion, which ranged from a violent hostility towards the anticlericals, seen as diverting workers from their struggle against capital, to the development of a ferocious socialist critique of the church, seen as an instrument of capitalist oppression. The Marxists' critique of anticlericalism is awarded particular attention, given the usual association between the French Left and hostility towards a supposedly reactionary church, and it is suggested that the POF developed an "agnostic" strategy that might well have guided its politics safely through the storms of French religious politics. Instead, the Parti Ouvrier all too frequently echoed the standard leftist rhetoric of priest-baiting, and even developed its own socialist variant of anticlericalism. The analysis concludes that the resultant aporias in the Parti Ouvrier's political discourse determined the relative failure of French Marxism's intervention in the long war between clericals and anti-clericals.