先秦文献中的"以数为纪"

清人姚鼐在谈到《逸周书》的制作时代时这样说: 吾意是《周书》之作,去孔子时又远矣,文武之道固坠矣.庄子言圣人之法,以参为验,以稽为决,其数一二三四是也.     

淹城出土独木舟的修复

本文介绍了淹城出土独木舟的修复过程,对今后的文物保护工作有一定的参考价值。     

丁韪良与近代中西文化交流

美国传教士丁韪良在中国活动了６０余年,客观上推动了中国近代教育的改革和发展,促进了中西文化的交流和传播。     

Recording dental caries in archaeological human remains

Dental caries is an important condition to record in archaeological collections, but the way in which recording is carried out has a large effect on the way in which the results can be interpreted. In living populations, dental caries is a disease that shows a strong relationship with age. Both the nature of carious lesions and their frequency change with successive age groups from childhood to elderly adulthood. There is also a progression in the particular teeth in the dentition which are most commonly affected and, in general, the molars and premolars are involved much more frequently than the canines and incisors. Lower teeth are usually affected more than upper, although the condition usually involves the right and left sides fairly equally. In the high tooth wear rate populations represented by many archaeological and museum collections, there is a complex relationship between the form of lesions and the state of wear, which adds yet another range of factors to the changing pattern of caries with increasing age. In the same populations, chipping, fracture and anomalous abrasion of teeth are also common, and these contribute similarly to the distribution and forms of carious lesion observed. Amongst the living, the pattern of ante‐mortem tooth loss is important in understanding caries and, in archaeological material, there is also the complicating factor of post‐mortem tooth loss. Finally, there is the question of diagnosis. There are diagnostic problems even in epidemiological studies of living patients and, for archaeological specimens, diagenetic change and the variable preservation of different parts of the dentition add further complications. For all these reasons, it is difficult to define any one general index of dental caries to represent the complete dentition of each individual, which would be universally suitable for studying a full range of collections from archaeological sites or museums. Variation in the nature of collections, their preservation, tooth wear, and ante‐mortem and post‐mortem tooth loss mean that when such a general index appears to differ between sites, there could be many other reasons for this, in addition to any genuine differences in caries incidence and pattern that might have been present. It is suggested here that the best approach is instead to make comparisons separately for each tooth type, age group, sex, lesion type and potential lesion site on the tooth. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

郑州商城遗址出土夯土材料的分析研究

利用体视显微镜、偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、傅立叶红外光谱仪、激光粒度分析仪、湿化学分析等手段分析了郑州商城建筑遗址夯土材料的传统工艺、物质结构和原料配比等信息。研究发现:该夯土层可分为上下两层,表层是夯筑灰土,下层是夯筑素土。夯筑灰土主要由两种物质构成,胶结材料碳酸钙和石英骨料,胶结物系由人工烧制的石灰制备而成,其和骨料的质量比为1∶2.68。表明郑州商城遗址出土的夯筑灰土材料是二元的"三合土"结构,其比例非常接近明代灰、黄土、河砂1∶1∶1的三合土配比。说明当时施工者在胶结材料石灰与石英砂骨料的使用上已经具有一定经验,体现了商代工匠高超的建筑技艺。     

隋东都洛阳回洛仓的考古勘察

2004年6月,洛阳市文物钻探管理办公室于隋洛阳城北墙外东段,南距城北墙约1.2千米处发现的70多座地下仓窖,纵横排列有序,经考证为隋代的重要粮仓--回洛仓.     

“石匠村”的意义——窦村的石工传统与南京传统建筑地方性的关系

当前保护古都风貌成为南京城市发展的重要工作,这主要是指保护和利用各个历史时期遗留下来的建筑遗产。而我们在传统建筑遗产保护工作中往往只重视对建筑物本身的保护,采取的方法也只局限在测绘、图纸分析、按图纸施工等层面,却忽视了其最初建造过程中传统工艺的保护。针对传统建造工艺与建筑地方性的关系的问题,对南京郊区的被称为“石匠村”的窦村所特有的石工传统与南京传统建筑地方性的关系进行的讨论。     

论民俗的易感染性

对于民俗,民俗学家研究最巨,其他从事实地田野研究的社会学科多从民俗学家的直接描述与归类中获益良多。这是不言而喻的事实,不用多费笔墨。不过民俗究竟是什么,连民俗学家自己也在争论,而围绕这一争论最为直接的论著应该是高丙中教授的《民俗文化与民俗生活》,其中有详尽的对于民俗学学科史中有关民俗的界定,最后作者以“生活文化”作为民俗的实质内涵,