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51.
Mariana Beauclair Rita Scheel-Ybert Gina Faraco BianchiniAngela Buarque 《Journal of archaeological science》2009
High proportions of bark pieces (up to 85% of the charcoal content) were found in several hearths from Morro Grande archaeological site (Southeastern Brazil). This site, dated between 3220–2840 and 1820–1390 yrs cal BP, is associated to the Tupiguarani Tradition, attributed to supposed ancestors of Tupinambá native populations, who occupied the major part of the Brazilian coast in the XVIth century. Bark hearths, archaeologically associated with the mortuary ritual, were found encircling a funerary urn and associated with ceramic fragments painted with elaborated patterns in black, white, and red. Other hearths, spatially isolated from the funerary area, were associated to fragments of utilitarian non-painted ceramics and therefore attributed to domestic contexts. These ones presented few or no bark fragments. It is clear that bark was intentionally selected as fuel for the funerary hearths. Although bark is related, in historic accounts, as a specialized firewood for ceramics firing, its presence in ritual context has not been previously recorded. In this paper, the anthracological record is discussed in the light of ethnographic and historic accounts. A possible explanation for the presence of bark hearths in funerary context is proposed, suggesting it might be a symbolic parallel with the quotidian: the potency and power of transformation of bark as a fuel would be regarded in a spiritual level, achieving the transformation of the body soul in the revered soul – an Ancestor. 相似文献
52.
Economic Governance and the Evolution of Industrial Districts Under Globalization: The Case of Two Mature European Industrial Districts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Silvia Sacchetti 《European Planning Studies》2009,17(12):1837-1859
For many mature European industrial districts, the present decade has been one of trying (and often failing) to meet the difficult challenges posed by the rising tide of globalization. The future of these districts in the new global economy has become a key issue for regional and local development policy, and, in this respect, it has sparked a renewed interest in economic governance. Economic governance is important in that it underpins a region's long-term economic development path. This article is a contribution to the study of the economic governance of industrial districts and the related policy debate. The article does so by specifically exploring the economic governance issue by considering the experiences and challenges currently facing two mature European industrial districts in the global economy. 相似文献
53.
Silvia M. Mendes 《政策研究杂志》2004,32(1):59-74
In the late 1960s, Gary Becker incorporated into his formal model of deterrence theory an explicit statement that the theory's components—certainty and severity of punishment—are more or less influential than the other depending on an individual's preference for risk. The certainty of punishment is more influential than the severity of punishment in the decision of whether or not to commit crime if an individual is risk acceptant; if a criminal is risk averse, then the severity of punishment is more important than the certainty of punishment. Many aggregate deterrence studies arrive at estimates that reveal varying effects of the certainty and severity components of deterrence theory, with the certainty of punishment carrying the greater, and many times the only, weight. Leaning on Becker's extension of deterrence theory, empiricists assume that criminals have a preference for risk. Assertions that arrests and convictions are greater deterrent tools imply important worldly consequences because they indicate to governmental authorities where resources should be invested to insure the best deterrent payoff. In this article, I question both the need to take risk into consideration in aggregate‐level deterrence studies and the empirical evidence that has been offered in support of attaching greater weight to the certainty of punishment. I show, first, that deterrence theory, from an applied policy standpoint, is encumbered through the explicit consideration of risk preferences. Next, I work through the algebra of the statistical formulations of deterrence models and demonstrate that the greater weight associated with certainty could well be an artifact of the model specification. Finally, I reanalyze data that appear to be consistent with the greater weight for certainty than severity argument and show that the evidence does not support that inference. Potential criminals mentally combine the three deterrence components—regardless of whether they are risk neutral, averse, or acceptant. I conclude by considering what it means to a worldly application of criminal deterrence theory to place equal weight on the certainty and the severity of punishment. 相似文献
54.
55.
Juan-J.?Carmona-SchneiderEmail author Silvia?Besse Herbert?Rath Annett?C.?Kraushaar 《Standort - Zeitschrift für angewandte Geographie》2003,27(2):68-74
Das Projekt "Europa-Fit" unterstützt
kleinere Unternehmen aus den Ziel-2-Gebieten in
Nordrhein-Westfalen bei der Erschließung neuer Absatz-,
Beschaffungs- und Kooperationsmöglichkeiten innerhalb der
Europäischen Union. Durch Beratung, Qualifizierung und Coaching
werden ausgewählte Kleinbetriebe auf ihrem Weg in den
EU-Binnenmarkt individuell begleitet. Zur Bedarfsermittlung und
Auswahl geeigneter Betriebe wurde im Vorfeld von den
Partnerorganisationen—dem Rationalisierungs- und
Innovationszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen e.V. (RKW NRW), der
Landesgewerbeförderungsstelle des nordrhein-westfälischen
Handwerks e.V. (LGH) und dem Zentrum für Innovation und Technik
in Nordrhein- Westfalen GmbH (ZENIT)—im November 2001 eine
schriftliche Unternehmensbefragung von kleineren Unternehmen bis
ca. 70 Mitarbeitern durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse dieser
Befragung sollen in dem folgenden Artikel zusammenfassend
dargestellt werden. Den Abschluß bildet ein kurzer Abriss der
ersten Erfahrungen, die im Projekt Europa-Fit gemacht
wurden.
相似文献
Juan-J. Carmona-SchneiderEmail: |
56.
Silvia Tomášková 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2007,14(3):264-284
Drawing on work in science studies, I argue for the importance of fieldwork and research practices when considering the relative
significance of feminism within archaeology. Fieldwork, often presented as the unifying hallmark of all of anthropology, has
a different resonance in archaeology at the level of material practice and specific techniques. In order to understand the
relationship between archaeology and feminism we need to investigate methods, methodology, and interpretations of the material
record simultaneously. Examining one practice, that of map making, I suggest venues amenable to feminist insights. 相似文献
57.
In the last 10 years, the European Union has devoted specific attention and resources to the establishment of macro-regional strategies, with the objective of joining together transnational areas to favour the effective and organized management of common challenges. In most macro-regions, however, the identification of strategies to increase competitiveness is a rather difficult task, given the extreme internal diversity in economic activities. Focusing on the youngest macro-regional strategy – EUSALP – this paper highlights the specific combinations of territorial growth assets that allow to overcome the inefficient use of local abundant strategic resources, in line with a ‘balanced development’ approach. The results, obtained on the basis of a database gathered at NUTS3 level, are useful to provide policy suggestions to support the competitiveness of EUSALP through synergies and complementarities, according to a cooperation networks perspective. 相似文献
58.
59.
Silvia Posocco 《Social & Cultural Geography》2015,16(5):567-584
In Kinship, Law and the Unexpected, Marilyn Strathern (2005, Kinship, Law and the Unexpected: Relatives are Always a Surprise, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) shows how, through analogies, Euro-American knowledge practices turn offspring into property, information into knowledge, and relations into relations. This article takes this Strathernian insight as a point of departure for a consideration of the analytical possibilities – and the instances of incommensurability – of a juxtaposition of transnational adoption and migration. Drawing on ethnographic research in Guatemala, the article argues that kinning in this context relates not only to the construction of new forms of relatedness, but also, crucially, to the suspension and severing of relations, and to politically charged claims for the reactivation of connections and enfleshment. Against figurations of kinning as commodified and inequitable relations of ownership and exchange, struggles for ‘searches’ and ‘reunions’ in contemporary Guatemala bring into view a range of subjectivities and relations ‘under erasure,’ within the horizon of the Guatemalan conflict (1960–1996). Analogizing transnational adoption and migration is a cultural and analytical practice that performatively reveals and occludes. The article proposes a historically and idiomatically grounded reorientation of the analogic flow sideways, in the directions of the archive, as substance, sign, and trace. 相似文献
60.
Alessandro Lo Giudice Debora Angelici Alessandro Re Gianluca Gariani Alessandro Borghi Silvia Calusi Lorenzo Giuntini Mirko Massi Lisa Castelli Francesco Taccetti Thomas Calligaro Claire Pacheco Quentin Lemasson Laurent Pichon Brice Moignard Giovanni Pratesi Maria Cristina Guidotti 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2017,9(4):637-651
Despite that the Badakhshan Province (Afghanistan) remains the most plausible hypothesis for the lapis lazuli used in antiquity, alternatives proposed in literature are worth to study to confirm or disprove their historical reliability. In this work, a protocol for determining the provenance of lapis lazuli rocks used for carved artefacts is described. Markers for the univocal attribution of the raw material to a source were identified analysing 45 rocks of known provenance (among which 15 georeferenced) from 4 quarry districts. To the best of our knowledge, this reference database is the widest in provenance studies on lapis lazuli. All the markers are recognisable by means of Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) techniques, in particular micro-proton-induced x-ray emission (PIXE) and micro-ionoluminescence (IL). These techniques are non-invasive and applicable in air, allowing to analyse artworks and rocks of practically any shape and dimension without sample preparation.The protocol was applied to determine the provenance of raw material used for carved lapis lazuli artefacts kept at the Egyptian Museum of Florence, the second most important Egyptian museum in Italy, second only to the museum of Turin. The collection in Florence has a great historical value and includes several lapis lazuli pendants, scarabs, small statuettes and amulets ascribable mainly to the first millennium BC. Following the protocol, 11 of these artefacts were analysed by means of IBA techniques. Results ascribe the raw material to the Afghan quarry district. 相似文献