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971.
The public are engaging more with archaeology today than ever before, whether this is through the plethora of television channels increasing access to and providing reinterpretations of archaeological sites and finds, or through the blockbuster exhibitions hosted by museums (see Holtorf 2005, 2007). However are the public just expected to be consumers or should they be encouraged to participate and help direct the archaeological work being undertaken through active engagement? 相似文献
972.
Pilar Luna Erreguerena 《Journal of Maritime Archaeology》2010,5(2):143-152
Mexico’s National Institute of Anthropology and History established an ethical program for the protection and research of the country’s underwater cultural heritage (UCH). Its Vice-Directorate of Underwater Archaeology trains archaeology and conservation students, participates in national and international initiatives regarding UCH, and develops multidisciplinary projects in maritime and continental waters. During negotiation of the UNESCO Convention, the Latin American and Caribbean Group united in a strong voice and contributed to its adoption in 2001; in 2006, Mexico ratified the Convention. This article highlights Mexico’s adoption of the 2001 UNESCO Convention as a case study, to stimulate all countries to ratify the convention and to cooperate in protecting the world’s UCH. 相似文献
973.
Calculations are presented of the extent to which chemical disequilibria are generated when submarine hydrothermal fluids mix with sea water. These calculations involve quantifying the chemical affinity for individual reactions by comparing equilibrium compositions with the compositions of mixtures in which oxidation–reduction reactions are inhibited. The oxidation–reduction reactions that depart from equilibrium in these systems provide energy for chemotrophic microbial metabolism. Methanogenesis is an example of this phenomenon, in which the combination of carbon dioxide, hydrogen and methane induced by fluid mixing is far from equilibrium, which can be approached if more methane is generated. Similarly, the production of other organic compounds is also favorable under the same conditions that permit methanogenesis. Alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and amino acids are among the compounds that, if formed, would lower the energetic state of the chemical composition generated in mixed fluids. The resulting positive values of chemical affinity correspond to the thermodynamic drive required for abiotic organic synthesis. It is also possible that energy release accompanies biosynthesis by chemotrophic organisms. In this way, hydrothermal ecosystems differ radically from familiar ecosystems at Earth's surface. If captured, the energy released may be sufficient to drive biosynthesis of carbohydrates, purines, pyrimidines and other compounds which require energy inputs. 相似文献
974.
975.
While the US is not a signatory to the 2001 UNESCO Convention, much progress has been made by US agencies to implement its
Rules and principles. The US signed an Agreement on Titanic with Rules that are nearly identical to the UNESCO Convention. US agencies have also expressed support for the Rules and
their implementation into their programs. This paper identifies these positive actions as well as the two primary concerns
that have prevented the US from signing the Convention to date: (1) “creeping coastal State jurisdiction” and (2) treatment
of sunken state vessels. 相似文献
976.
977.
M.L. Butovskaya E.V. Veselovskaya A.V. Prudnikova 《Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia》2010,38(4):143-154
The morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptation of professional athletes can be viewed as a model, being close to the successful hunter's adaptation in a foraging society. Physique, endocrine status, and personality traits were studied in athletes of various professional levels. A set of traits believed to be adaptive for this group is described. Athletes display masculine proportions of head and body, higher testosterone levels, early onset of sexual activity, extroversion, and thoroughness. These fi ndings are discussed from the standpoint of modern ethology and evolutionary anthropology. 相似文献
978.
979.
Xuefeng Zhang 《Frontiers of History in China》2010,5(4):525-548
Adopting the historical periodization and the “ethnic awakening” theory of Konan Naito, this essay discusses the early formation
of East Asian states such as Koguryō, Paekche, Silla and Wa during the 4th and 5th centuries, as well as the political order within the East Asian society shaped by the enfeoffment of the Eastern Jin and
the Southern dynasties by using Chinese sources. It argues that the cultural influences of the Qin and Han dynasties promoted
the ethnic awakening of East Asian peoples, and during the turmoil periods of the Wei, the Jin, and the Division Era these
ethnic groups leaped rapidly in their roads of state-formation. The enfeoffment system of the Eastern Jin played significant
role in this process, and therefore set up the basic structure of the international relationship in early modern East Asia. 相似文献
980.
王鸿泰 《Frontiers of History in China》2010,5(2):169-216
The flourishing development of media during the Ming and Qing eras affected the building of new methods of interpersonal interactions
between an individual and society as well as between the people themselves. By virtue of media like Dibao 邸报 (court liaison reports), drama or novels, interpersonal interactions could reach beyond space and object restrictions.
These media could thus rapidly spread particular or individual news to the general public, making those who were absent from
the scene feel as if they were “experiencing” it, and at the same time allowing them to “participate in” social affairs beyond
their knowledge. In this way, mass media surpassed the individual living sphere, ultimately forming a “public sphere.” Under
the influence of these media, each individual could join this “public sphere” and be connected with the imagined “general
public.” That is to say, mass media created an “imagined society.” In addition to a personal limited “real world,” there was
an immense “fictitious world” for everyone to take part in and experience. Accordingly, interactions between people developed
into interactions between each individual and the abstract society, which could cut across space limitations, and establish
an immense “public society.” 相似文献