台湾海峡区域视野下南岛语族起源与扩散的考古学观察

台湾海峡地区在新石器时代生业经济长期依赖渔猎、采集等手段,直至距今5000年左右才在闽江下游流域出现初具形态的农业生产.此区域先后经历了三次较显著的南岛语族跨海峡扩散的活跃期,且各时期扩散路线也有所变迁."人口压力说"或"海洋适应性说"不足以解释南岛语族跨海峡扩散的动因.     

Characterization of archaeological lime mortars in a Ming dynasty tomb: A multi-analytical approach

Lime mortars have played an important role in constructing ancient Chinese masonry structures, including city walls, buildings, and tombs. A tomb built with lime mortars and stones belonging a Ming high-ranking official, Xu Jie, was discovered in Huzhou City of China. Eight different samples from Xu Jie’s tomb, representing four types of lime-mortar-based materials: joint mortar between stone bricks, bedding mortar, grouting mortar, and plaster mortars were collected for analysis and comparison. The characterization of the construction materials has therefore become of primary importance. The function of each mortar was reported and studies into the micro-textural features and mineralogical compositions of those mortars were performed via a multi-analytical approach. The joint mortars were all found to be aerial lime mortars with predominately lime. The bedding mortar was found to consist of lime, soil and sand, typical of a tabia mortar. The grouting mortar was found to consist of lime and ground contact metamorphosed limestone. Analysis of plaster sample taken from the roof of the main tomb identified the presence of calcium stearate/palmitate, indicating the usage of plant-based tung oil as an additive. The analytical results will promote our understanding of Ming architectural technology and craftsmanship, and provide critical information for the conservation of Xu Jie’s tomb.     

麦积山藏"报恩科仪"儒释孝子事迹考及相关问题

“报恩科仪”是佛教报恩道场仪之一,融合儒、释孝道思想于一体,集佛教经典、儒学伦理孝道观而成,基于中国传统孝道思想,而宣扬佛教“大孝”思想,进而以做道场的方式宣传佛教,是中国佛教世俗化的产物。麦积山所藏的明代写本《报恩科仪》为目前所见最早的,对于研究佛教报恩思想的演变、南北佛教的交流以及麦积山周围佛教道场的情况具有非常重要的价值。“科仪”中所提到的儒释孝子共70多个,选自不同的古代文献和佛教典籍。     

基于美丽乡村建设的农户参与生态环境治理行为机制

乡村生态环境治理是美丽乡村乃至美丽中国建设的重要任务,而农户主动参与是乡村生态环境实现根本性治理的关键。本文构建了农户参与生态环境治理行为发生机制研究框架,运用结构方程模型,对农户调查数据进行实证检验,分析了农户参与生态环境治理行为的驱动因素及影响路径。结果表明：(1)农户行为遵循“认知—感知—响应”的发生路径模式,生态环境治理认知是驱动农户行为的基础性变量,生态环境治理感知是认知正向驱动农户行为的中介变量;(2)环境社会资本、环境影响敏感度、农户行为自觉等因素分别是制约生态环境治理认知、生态环境治理感知及生态环境治理响应的主要因素;(3)在美丽乡村建设及生态环境治理过程中,政府发挥了主导性作用,多主体参与的社会监督、社会组织等社会资本建设尚待加强,以农户为中心的多主体参与模式和体制机制有待健全。     

Identifying the Impacts of Land-Use Spatial Patterns on Street-Network Accessibility Using Geospatial Methods

While the land use-street network nexus is well acknowledged, evidence for the one-way impacts of land-use patterns on street accessibility is still inadequate. The measurements of land-use patterns and street accessibility lack systematic knowledge. Their empirical correlations also lack geographical variability, constraining site-specific land-use practices. Therefore, this study overcame the aforementioned limitations by examining the two-level spatial models to formulate accessibility-oriented land plans, using a well-developed Chinese city as an example. Firstly, two landscape metrics—Euclidean Nearest-Neighbor Distance (ENN) and Similarity Index (SIMI)—were used to quantify the intra- and inter-land-use configurations, respectively. Both city-level and local accessibility were measured using spatial design network analysis. Performing both ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models, results identified the statistically significant effects of inter-land-use patterns on two-level street accessibility. An exception was that land-use configurations within residential and industrial regions were irrelevant to street accessibility. We also found GWR was a better-fitting model than OLS when estimating locally-varied accessibility, suggesting hierarchical multiscale land-use planning. Overall, locally heterogeneous evidence in this study can substantialize land use-street network interactions and support the decision-making and implementation of place-specific accessibility-oriented land use.     

近年来中国旅游开发与管理态势研究

本文对处于产业结构剧烈转型时期的中国旅游业的发展态势进行了较深入的阐述,这一观察主要从旅游区(点)和旅游资源的开发与管理这一特定角度切入,重点从假日峰值压力、旅游目的地营销、旅游规划、旅游产品创新、旅游支持系统等几个方面加以讨论。     

情报信息工作在知识经济中的地位与重要性

保证质量、提高效率是情报信息工作的准则,随着知识经济的来临,情报信息工作者应及时调整充实自身的知识结构,迎接新的挑战。     

浅论知识经济社会与社区发展

知识经济的迅猛发展使人类社会进入全新的知识经济时代,表现出不同以往的社会特征,同时也面临新的发展困境。社区作为解决各种社会问题、体现人文关怀的基层社会单元,其发展日益为各界所瞩目。本文立足知识社会的时代背景,在概述其相关特征及社区发展内涵的基础上,分析了知识社会社区发展的新动态,并进一步提出我国社区发展的新举措。     

长江巢湖段岸线资源评价与港口发展研究

本文首先运用遥感与GIS技术,选取岸线前沿水深、岸线稳定性、岸前航道水域宽度和后方陆域场地宽度4项指标对安徽巢湖沿江岸线资源进行了综合评价,评价结果表明安徽长江巢湖段一、二级岸线比例高,适合建港和发展工业、仓储的岸线资源丰富、发展潜力大;其次在GIS平台上摸清了岸线资源的利用情况,确定了各级岸线资源的空间分布与功能划分。在此研究基础上,提出巢湖沿江港口建设的总体功能定位与空间布局。最后给出了长江巢湖段岸线开发与港口发展的对策与建议。     

基于多因素综合评价法的城市土地定级评价研究——以银川市为例

多因素综合评价法能全面考虑各种与土地质量直接相关的因素,不仅包含了影响土地价值的经济因素,而且包含了其他因素。本文在分析已有文献的基础上,构建了针对城市土地综合定级评价的指标体系,运用特尔斐法结合方差和均值修正确定指标体系权重,选取银川市建成区的六个样本点,结合多因素综合评价法进行了实例分析,通过对评价结果进行分析,可知分等定级结果符合银川市城市发展建设的实际情况。