读冯客《近代中国之种族观念》

“在历史上,众多的研究已经将西方国家种族偏见的限度展现无余……然而,种族观念①在欧美以外的社会也同样兴盛,这一点就鲜为人知了。”冯客先生所著《近代中国之种族观念》②“前言”第1页中的这段话,我认为有一定的根据。③在我们这里,尽管清末革命派曾大谈“种族革命”,但研究者一般都将之纳入“民族主义”范畴。其实,不只是今天的研究者,在清末民初,我们的前辈就往往将国家(国族)与种族混同起来。冯客指出,在20世纪初的留日学生那里,“种”与“国”是重叠的:“‘国’和‘种’在成组的短语如‘爱种爱国’或‘国界种界’中经常并置,这也对…     

阿卡琉斯的愤怒与孤独——祁连休著《中国古代民间故事类型研究》读后

女神啊,请歌唱佩琉斯之子阿卡琉斯的愤怒……(荷马《伊利亚特》第一卷)一祁连休先生著《中国古代民间故事类型研究》一书由河北教育出版社出版了,     

中国豪华饭店员工满意度研究——基于首批白金五星级饭店创建试点单位的调查报告

本文以首批创建白金五星级试点饭店为例,抽取相关饭店员工问卷样本进行满意度分析,采用SPSS13.0统计软件对员工是否满意、满意与不满意的因素并结合个人信息进行T检验和方差分析,以期对我国豪华饭店员工满意度现状进行评析并提出相关改进建议.     

都市社区旅游国际化的"新天地"模式

都市社区旅游的国际化是大都市国际化的先导和符号。大都市社区旅游不仅是都市旅游空间组织和发展的重要模式,也是旅游产品国际化的重要表现形式。从社区国际化的视角思考都市旅游目的地建设,实现旅游国际化与社区发展的良性互动,是都市旅游发展的新途径。社区旅游国际化的关键在于社区旅游环境氛围的文化底蕴地方化、旅游服务质量的国际化、接待游客来源的国际多元化、旅游产品供给与体验的国际时尚化。基于上海石库门社区文化特色的“新天地”模式,具有都市社区旅游国际化的示范和启迪效应。     

国内旅游安全研究综述

随着我国大众旅游的普及和发展,旅游者的安全问题日益增多,一些国内学者开始关注和研究旅游安全问题.旅游安全基础理论、旅游安全事故、旅游安全保障成为目前的主要研究领域.但是总体来讲,研究的深度和广度都还不够.     

Damage or protection? The role of smoked crust on sandstones from Yungang Grottoes

Black crusts, such as dust deposit and smoked smudge, are the main pollutants in Yungang Grottoes, the world famous Buddhist heritage site. It is always considered that the black crust should be removed during the conservation process of stones. In this paper, the investigation of the role of smoked crust on the Yungang sandstones was performed to verify if the smoked layer on the stone surface would be harmful or protective. The results of SO₂ corrosion experiments with and without water both show that the samples covered with smoked layer can play a protective role on the sandstones, which means that the smoked layer on the stones can prevent the attack of SO₂ and water, the major deterioration agents in Yungang area. The multi-factor deterioration cycle experiments, including salt crystallization, freeze–thaw damage, wet–dry cycle and acid corrosion, also indicate that the smoked samples are less deteriorated and salt crystallization is the most severe damage to the sandstones.     

黑龙江流域新石器时代人像雕塑研究

从现有认识出发,通过全面搜集和整理黑龙江流域新石器时代人像雕塑资料,对其时空范畴、造型特点、功能作用、地域差异等问题进行尝试性的探讨。认为黑龙江流域是目前我国新石器时代人像雕塑发现最早的地区,在公元前2500年—公元前2000年的黑龙江下游地区达到顶峰;采用浮雕和圆雕技术表现方式,突出塑造人物的面部特征,写实与抽象相结合;人像雕塑可能是原始宗教祭祀器具或巫术用品,与祖先崇拜、神祇崇拜相关,并经历了由家庭崇拜向氏族部落崇拜的转变过程。     

Negotiation of Social Values in the World Heritage Listing Process: A Case Study on the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal,China

This paper examines the World Heritage listing process for the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal to understand the sociopolitical meanings of heritage in contemporary China. Over the past four decades, the efforts of the Chinese government have been clearly geared towards improving governance over heritage sites by designating them as state properties, which requires the selection and evaluation of cultural heritage sites on the specific political meaning based on historical, aesthetic, or scientific value. In the process of World Heritage listing of Chinese heritage sties, the model of ‘state properties’ had to be compatible with UNESCO’s understanding of ‘heritage’, as well as economic benefits of heritage. Drawing on the data collected from the process of World Heritage listing of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, this paper explores the integration of the social meanings of heritage into the ‘authorized’ values criteria, facilitating multiple uses of ‘heritage’ through collaboration among UNESCO, Chinese heritage officials, and local communities. It argues that practices of heritage that consider social meanings will integrate local communities’ understandings into political meanings of heritage on basis of central government’s interests. This paper shows how the social meanings of heritage create a dialectical relationship to enable a ‘living’ cultural process in the preservation of ‘state properties’. In addition, the social meanings of heritage allow all potential stakeholder groups to negotiate with the heritage bureaucracy, as well as strengthening the role of local interests in heritage policy.     

高校校园学生治安感知及犯罪恐惧的地理空间研究——以珠海市香洲区四所校园为例

近年随着高校的迅猛发展,校园扩张、开放性加大,其“社会生态性”愈发显著,校园治安问题也日益凸显。本文从空间层面切入,选取珠海市香洲区四所新建高校展开研究,结合实际案发情况、学生治安感知及犯罪恐惧等综合分析校园治安问题。研究通过问卷采集基础数据,利用统计分析方法研究学生治安感知与犯罪恐惧的情况,并运用GIS分析犯罪恐惧空间分布特征。研究发现学生对校园治安感知情况与实际案发情况基本相符,而犯罪恐惧与之并不完全一致;不同校园的犯罪恐惧案件类型和恐惧空间具有相似性,犯罪恐惧空间呈现昼夜差异。研究最后总结出犯罪恐惧集中的若干场所类型及其主要特征,并提出相应的提升安全感的普适性措施。     

Multi‐analytical Studies of Archaeological Chinese Earthen Plasters: The Inner Wall of the Longhu Hall (Yuzhen Palace,Ancient Building Complex,Wudang Mountains,China)

The Yuzhen Palace is one of the nine palaces in the Ancient Building Complex built by order of the Yongle Emperor during the Ming dynasty. The buildings were built with dressed black bricks. As a result of the planned national South–North Water Diversion project, the water level in the Danjiangkou Reservoir that surrounds the Yuzhen Palace was expected to rise by approximately 15 m. To avoid submersion of the site, three gates were elevated by 15 m in 2013 and other buildings dismantled, for later reconstruction. The characterization of the construction materials has therefore become of primary importance. Here, we present results on the plasters of the Longhu Hall. The analysis of materials involved a multi‐analytical approach combining optical and electron microscopy with X‐ray and vibrational spectromicroscopies and thermogravimetry. The results indicated the use of two earthen plaster layers and a whitewash finish coating applied over a thin preparatory intermediate layer to improve the adherence of the finish coating to the earthen plaster. Ramie and straw fibres identified in the earthen plasters were added to reduce shrinkage and cracking during drying. The raw materials used and the application technique pointed to a well‐established construction industry using traditional earthen building materials together with lime technology.