Study on the Material and Manufacturing Technology of Different Types of Longquan Ware Imitations from Dapu Kiln of Guangdong Province in the Ming Dynasty of China (ad 1368–1644)

Research on ancient Longquan wares and their imitations has attracted considerable attention. Using a series of experimental methods, including micro X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (μ‐XRF), X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), optical microscopy (OM), polarizing microscopy (PLM), dilatometry (DIL) and spectrophotometery, different samples of Longquan imitations from Dapu in Guangdong Province were collected and analysed. The study of different types of celadon from the Dapu kiln factories shows that the pale yellow body had a higher TFe₂O₃ content, and the body material must therefore have been treated differently or have come from a different source. The SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ contents in the body can be used as auxiliary parameters to identify Longquan wares and its imitations. The study also found that both kinds of glaze recipe—including calcium–alkali glaze and alkali–calcium glaze—existed in the Dapu products, which suggested that while imitating Longquan ware, the potters in Dapu also showed innovation in the recipe for the glaze material. Moreover, there were some differences in the TFe₂O₃ content, as well as the size, number and distribution of bubbles in the different types of glaze. Finally, the study revealed that the material of both the saggars and separators were composed of another porcelain clay, different from that of the celadon body. In addition, the white and compact body of the celadon had a higher firing temperature, of 1140–1187 °C, compared with other types of wares, which had a lower firing temperature of 1050–1080 °C.     

试论秦汉风俗的时代特征

秦汉是中国封建社会的第一个鼎盛时期,也是民俗文化大发展的阶段。我国汉族民俗文化中,有些风俗事象历经数千年,其中有相当部分形成或定型于秦汉时代。可以说,秦汉以后风俗的演化和变迁,都是在秦汉风俗基础上的损益和增减。对此时风俗作一全面考察、分析,便可看出其时代特征十分明显,概括起来即是：一、急进;二、奢侈;三、迷信;四、儒化。下面对其逐一展开论述。     

中国青铜时代不存在失蜡法铸造工艺

长期以来,学术界公认曾侯乙尊盘和淅川下寺铜禁是采用失蜡法工艺铸造。近年来,我们对相关实物进行了仔细的研究,发现在被认为是失蜡法工艺铸造的部件上都有明确的范缝和其它范铸工艺的特征。因此,无论是曾侯乙尊盘还是淅川下寺铜禁都不可能是用失蜡法工艺铸造的。进一步的研究表明,在青铜时代,我国广大地区普遍采用范铸工艺,商代中期之前,主要是整体铸造,商代中期至西周,主要还是整体铸造,但开始了分铸插接工艺;春秋以后则主要采用分铸和焊接工艺;既没有失蜡法铸造的器例,也没有失蜡法工艺产生的必要的技术基础和社会需求。     

区域旅游景观结构与景观效应配置的系统分析——以三门峡市为例

首先在三门峡市旅游资源调查评价的基础上,从"感应-认知"的角度对区域进行旅游景观、类型及其结构的探讨。其次从旅游景观要素效应配置出发,揭示区域旅游资源系统的优化,以及促进旅游景观在不同旅游区辐合,从而探讨区域旅游资源的开发方向与区位。     

浅议榆林市地域生态环境建设

榆林市位于我国东部季风气候区和西北干旱气候区的过渡带,毛乌素沙漠前缘,生态环境问题极其严重。因此,榆林市地域生态环境建设问题是榆林市规划与建设的最主要方面。本文借鉴国外城市生态环境研究的现状与实践,针对榆林地区生态环境的特点,对榆林市的地域生态环境建设提出理论框架,提出了榆林市地域生态环境系统建设设想,以期创建榆林市优美的地域生态环境。     

试论新疆与中亚民族、文化多元融合性特点及其差异

章对新疆与中亚民族、化融合的特点进行了探讨,认为由于独特的地理环境及处于几大明之间,中亚地区成为不同种族、民族融合的舞台,民族的复杂化和化的多元化使这里从远古至19世纪在经济上始终没有形成一个统一的经济基础,政治上大多数时候处于各自为政的局面,在民族发展进程中表现为整体上伊斯兰化、突厥化的同对,近代各个民族也在孕育之中。     

东印度公司与明清瓷器外销

明清时期中欧海上航线开通后,中国的瓷器、丝绸、茶叶在西方广受欢迎,荷兰、英国等国家组建东印度公司从事与东方的贸易。东印度公司在中国瓷器大量销往海外的过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。这一时期,明清政权交替、西方列强对海上霸权的争夺战争等中外时局变化与重大历史事件对中国瓷器的输出以及中外瓷器贸易的格局产生重大影响。     

近代中国社会转型与哈萨克人东迁

在近代中亚草原发生剧烈社会变革时期,哈萨克人在沙俄与清朝之间选择了后者.对哈萨克人具有强大吸引力的新疆北部地区,既有辽阔茂盛的草原,又有清朝统一后安定宽松的政治环境.而后发的中国近代社会转型在新疆地区的表现独具特点:一方面是境内外多种势力的激烈争夺,另一方面是中央和地方政府被迫强化对所属土地和臣民的管理.在此环境下的新疆哈萨克人,面临生存环境和自身内部的剧烈转型,一部分人选择继续东迁,实属游牧社会的历史回声.     

Starch grains analysis of stone knives from Changning site,Qinghai Province,Northwest China

Plant residues recovered from prehistoric stone artifacts can be used to help explain tool function and plant use. At the Changning site in Qinghai Province, Northwest China, dating from 4000 yr BP, we examined starch granules extracted from three slate stone knives. A total of 153 starch grains were retrieved from three stone knives, from which we identified starches from legumes, the Triticeae tribe, foxtail millet (Setaria italica), broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), roots and tubers. These results indicate that the stone knives may have been used for a variety of activities that included reaping grasses and food processing. The species of starch grains retrieved from the study sample reveal that diverse crops were cultivated at the Changning site 4000 years ago.