宅兹中国:周人确定“地中”的地理和文化依据

"中国"称谓的形成,当与"地中"(即所谓"天下的中心")这个表述地理方位的概念有关。周代"天下"的范围大致南起广东番禺、北至内蒙阴山、东起山东半岛、西至甘肃渭源,而登封告成恰为其中。这就是周公通过"夏至正午,表长八尺,景尺有五寸"得到的结果,以此判定"地中"的思路是科学的,得到的结果也是可信的。对于"中"的重视来自文王及夏商时期"建中于民"的理念。上古时代形成的"建中于民"的思想深刻影响后世的诸子百家,它甚至在很大程度上成为中国传统文化及其价值观的核心。     

《明孝宗实录》编纂思想探析

《明孝宗实录》是明朝中期纂修的一部重要官修史书,其编纂方式带有资料汇编的性质。该书在诏令、奏疏的收录和人物传记的撰写及评论等方面都体现了直书实录的编纂思想,而且还首次专设"稽考参对"官以保证纂修质量。孝宗皇帝被誉为"中兴圣主",后人对其虚怀纳谏、勤于召对等事迹的传播,以及对其施政措施的借鉴主要来源于《明孝宗实录》的记载,反衬了实录纂修中垂训后世、以史资治的思想。《明孝宗实录》还是一部以帝王为中心的编年史,纂修官出于君臣之义以及现实考量,又要塑造出高大丰满的贤君形象,体现了为尊者讳的编纂思想。     

长江三峡大宁河流域的环境考古学研究

本文利用出土的考古材料及目前所见的大宁河流域环境考古研究成果,在具体分析大宁河流域人类活动与自然环境之间相互关系的基础上得出结论：大宁河流域独特的自然地理环境及其变迁使得当地各个时期的人类主要是在沿河两岸优越的自然条件中生存和发展,人类在利用环境的过程中创造并发展了各个阶段灿烂的文化,同时也在不断地影响和改造着周围的环境,周围环境的改变不可避免地又反过来影响着人类活动及其创造的文化。     

媲美刘禹锡竹枝词的大型民族风物组诗——论舒位《黔苗竹枝词》的民族史料价值与艺术特点

清中叶著名诗人舒位的大型民族风物组诗《黔苗竹枝词》五十四首,从族源、民居、语言文字、饮食、歌舞乐器、服饰、婚配、丧葬祭祀、商业工艺、社会结构等内容,对黔苗的民族风物进行了全方位的描绘和抒写,在艺术风格上典雅清丽而充满趣味,具有珍贵的民族史料价值和极高的文学艺术价值。《黔苗竹枝词》的规模、内容和艺术特点,可勘媲美刘禹锡竹枝词,产生了很大影响。     

释殷墟卜辞中的“■”字——兼论“羑里”

殷墟甲骨卜辞中有一字,见于《甲骨文合集》(简称《合集》)和《殷墟花园庄东地甲骨划》[1](简称     

清华简与《尚书》、《逸周书》的研究

清华大学藏战国竹简中,有《尚书》、《逸周书》和佚书20多篇,其中清华简《金縢》能和伏生所传今文《尚书》直接联系。从清华简来看,现在不能证明,也不能反对孔子编百篇《尚书》之说。但是清华简足以说明东晋以后的古文《尚书》没有历史根据。清华简中,《尹诰》、《尹至》篇有很多的用词和语法同今文《尚书》中的《夏书》和《商书》是一样的。清华简里没有《尚书》和《逸周书》的差别,因此我们对《逸周书》里面若干篇书的估价,还应该提高。     

诗三首

土族风情园有感轮子秋旋彩袖扬,青稞美酒溢清香。缤纷不是君花眼,此地原来虹故乡。春雪山村暮宿一片银装裹翠微,山村暮宿雪犹飞。平明路旁多折柳,昨夜不知相送谁。喜见故乡退耕还草南坡平缓北坡陡,羊路曲折岁月深。田划竹节不种麦,岭挖漏斗且还林。风吹野草山浮翠,雨润柠条花吐金。年少历来多壮志:洪魔自此远乡村!注:竹节、漏斗,均为退耕还草还林术语,即挖成竹节状、漏斗状用来种草栽树的山地。柠条,灌木名。诗三首@师成森~~     

Plant exploitation of the last foragers at Shizitan in the Middle Yellow River Valley China: evidence from grinding stones

China is one of the few centers in the world where plant domestication evolved independently, but its developmental trajectory is poorly understood. This is because there is considerably less data from the terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene documented in China than in other regions, such as the Near East and Mesoamerica, and previous studies on Paleolithic subsistence in China have largely focused on animal hunting rather than plant gathering. To resolve these problems the current research investigated the range of plants used by late Paleolithic hunter–gatherers in the middle Yellow River region where some of the earliest farmers emerged. We employed usewear and starch analyses on grinding stones to recover evidence for plant use in a hunting–gathering population at a late Paleolithic site, Shizitan Locality 9 in Jixian, Shanxi (ca. 13,800–8500 cal. BP). The usewear analysis shows that all artifacts preserved a range of usewear patterns best matching multiple tasks and indicating multi-functional use. Starch remains recovered from these tools indicate that the Shizitan people collected and processed many types of grass seeds (Panicoideae and Pooideae subfamilies), acorns (Quercus sp.), beans (Phaseoleae tribe) and yams (Dioscorea sp.). The Shizitan people represented some of the last hunter–gatherers in the middle Yellow River region. Their broad spectrum subsistence strategy was apparently carried on by the first Neolithic farmers in the same region, who collected similar wild plants and eventually domesticated millets. The trajectory from intensified collection of a wide range of wild plants to domestication of a small number of species was a very long process in north China. This parallels the transition from the “broad spectrum revolution” to agriculture in the Near East.