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81.
Stephen T. Driscoll 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2010,14(3):442-462
Historical archaeology as practiced in Scotland is divergent from the mainstream tradition of historical archaeology/post-medieval
archaeology that dominates North America and the English-speaking world. Cultural and historical forces have shaped an historical
archaeology with a deeper time depth, which extends back into the Middle Ages. It also focuses on different subjects reflecting
the political concerns associated with Scottish national identity. Examples drawn from Glasgow’s history are used to illustrate
the distinctiveness of the Scottish tradition and how it is evolving. I argue that one of its strengths of Scottish historical
archaeology is that it provides a corrective contrast to the subjects and approaches which dominate historical archaeology
in the English-speaking world. 相似文献
82.
Akira Matsuda 《Archaeologies》2010,6(3):447-467
Context permitting, should public archaeologists allow “archaeologically incorrect” accounts of the past? In this paper I discuss this question through a case study based on the experience of myself and my colleagues at the excavation of the Villa of Augustus in Somma Vesuviana, Italy. In 2003 and 2004, we became aware that some visitors to the excavation interpreted the site by reference to a legend of the tunnel of Queen Giovanna, which had existed in Somma Vesuviana over the centuries. Although initially interested in this phenomenon, we soon realised that we needed to make certain judgements as to how to respond to local people asking whether the tunnel had been discovered in the excavation. We presented two different ways of interpreting the site, one based on archaeology and the other on the legend, and both as equally meaningful, while at the same time stressing what we as archaeologists believed, based on what we had found. In this process we decided to adhere to the principles of archaeology, even in embracing the multivocality of material remains. 相似文献
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Lynn Harris 《Journal of Maritime Archaeology》2010,5(1):17-35
Southern shipyards, like Hobcaw and Mars Bluff, were established at locations chosen primarily for convenient access to transportation
networks, building materials, clientele and labour. The historical record reveals a home front role played by local plantation
owners and slaves as shipyard labour. Women served as project fundraisers, shipyard dilettantes, shipwright’s wives and possibly
slave mistresses with a paucity of material culture to confirm their presence in the archaeological record. Archaeological
investigations on land and underwater yield evidence of artefacts associated with diet, shipbuilding, warfare and ethnicity. 相似文献
85.
Zhijun Zhao 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2010,2(2):99-105
China was one of the major centers for the origin of agriculture in the world. The origins of agriculture in China, especially
the origin of rice agriculture, made a significant contribution not only to the occurrence of Chinese civilization but also
to the development of world history. Recently, the study on the origin of rice agriculture has attracted the attention of
the academic community due to the dramatic development of archaeobotanical research in China. In recent years, the flotation
technique has widely implemented in archaeological excavations in China. As the result, a tremendous amount of plant remains
have been recovered from archaeological sites, including those much related to the study of early rice agriculture. The new
data provide direct archaeological evidence for, and raise some new issues about, the origin of rice agriculture in China.
For example, the rice remains from the Shangshan site, dated to ca. 10,000 cal. B.P., suggest the beginning of rice cultivation
regardless of whether that rice was domesticated or not. The quantitative analysis of plant remains recovered by floatation
from the Jiahu site, dated to ca. 8,000 cal. B.P., revealed that the subsistence of the Jiahu people mainly relied on fishing/hunting/gathering,
while the products of rice cultivation and animal husbandry were only a supplement to their diet. The ongoing excavation,
with floatation and water-sieving, at the Tianluoshan site, dated to 6,000 to 7,000 cal. B.P., suggests that rice farming,
though important, was only part of a broader subsistence pattern of the Hemudu Culture, and rice domestication culminated
after 6,500 B.P and the beginning of rice domestication remain unclear. 相似文献
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Matthew Pailes 《Journal of Archaeological Research》2017,25(4):373-420
This article surveys research in Northwest Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua), with an emphasis on the Early Agricultural period to the Late Prehistoric period. Middle range societies that are diverse in scale and organization characterize this region. Significant advancements in our understanding of these societies have been made in recent years, but substantial challenges remain in building interpretative frameworks that account for both regional diversity and incorporate macroscale interactions. Topics covered in this review include the adoption of agriculture, population movements, bases of social differentiation, and interactions between organizationally disparate groups. These issues demonstrate the relevance of the Northwest to research on the organization of middle range societies. 相似文献
89.
Kerstin Schillinger Alex Mesoudi Stephen J. Lycett 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2017,24(2):640-658
A relationship between behavioral variability and artifactual variability is a founding principle of archaeology. However, this relationship is surprisingly not well studied empirically from an explicitly “microevolutionary” perspective. Here, we experimentally simulated artifactual variation in two populations of “artifact” manufacturers, involving only a single behavioral difference in terms of their “tradition” of manufacturing tool. We then statistically analyzed shape variation in the resultant artifacts. In many respects, patterned differences might not have been expected to emerge given the simple nature of the task, the fact that only a single behavioral variable differed in our two populations, and all participants copied the same target artifact. However, multivariate analyses identified significant differences between the two “assemblages.” These results have several implications for our understanding and theoretical conceptualization of the relationship between behavior and artifactual variability, including the analytical potency of conceiving of artifacts as the product of behavioral “recipes” comprised of individual “ingredient” behavioral properties. Indeed, quite trivial behavioral differences, in generating microevolutionarily potent variability, can thus have long-term consequences for artifactual changes measured over time and space. Moreover, measurable “cultural” differences in artifacts can emerge not necessarily only because of a strict “mental template” but as the result of subtle differences in behavioral ingredients that are socially learned at the community level. 相似文献
90.
Carla E. Klehm 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2017,24(1):28-49
The materialization of memory is one way in which the past becomes a powerful agent for negotiating the present. Today in Botswana, archaeological sites have become sites of memory where ancestors have been invoked for healing in response to the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS. This paper concentrates on one site, Khubu la Dint?a, where a local community practiced an ancestral healing ceremony, phekolo, as a way to restore spiritual balance. Told through a set of narratives that integrate ethnographic interviews with one of the former church elders, Russia, the article chronicles the trajectory of the church, the perceived power and active role of the ancestors in this ceremony, and the complex web of morality and practicality in which alternative narratives emerge during a time of social disruption and later fall apart. This paper complements the others in this issue by focusing on how memory, place, time, and material culture are recursively engaged: a process that includes formal and accepted to marginal and even ephemeral viewpoints and holds lessons for how we as archaeologists approach and curate the past. 相似文献