河北丰宁东沟道下墓葬的新启示

1990年,在河北丰宁东沟道下古墓群发掘了一座石板墓,墓内出土了大量的冶金工具,本文的研究表明这座墓葬可能是属于夏家店上层文化的一个冶金工匠墓葬,该墓葬的发现说明丰宁地区在西周晚期至春秋早期存在着独立的金属制造中心,也存在着专业的冶金工匠,这些发现对中国北方地区青铜时代考古和冶金业研究有很高的参考价值。     

上孙家寨彩陶盆舞蹈图案新论

在对上孙家寨彩陶盆舞蹈图案研究状况进行回顾的基础上,将其与同一考古学文化相似器物的横向比较,考证舞者臀部斜伸出之物为以写实手法描绘的男性生殖器;通过与岩画材料的对比分析,论证舞队外侧舞者的＂双臂＂为含有省略意义的抽象符号;由男性或女性为主体的＂丰产丰育＂巫术,既有相通之处,又有微妙的差别。     

THE TRAILS AND HARDSHIP OF CHOKHOR GYALTSEN

<正>Spring was in the air as our vehicle dashed along the rough mountain road that ran beside the Kathok River. The reporters inside soon found they were approaching Xuzhong Village of Xuzhong Town in Markham County. Chokhor Gyaltsen emerged from his family home.He was an elderly but energetic and slim man of 71.Though his face reflected his experience of all the changes in his world,his gaze was clear and penetrating.     

中共中央军事部述略(1928-1930)

党的六大决定设立中央军事部,各地应设立军事委员会,在军事技术方面,受中央军事部指挥.1928年10月,党中央第74号指示要设立一个军事委员会,归军事部部长领导.1929年1月,中央军事委员会成立,其与中央军事部的关系未见具体说明.2月7日,共产国际执行委员会东方书记处来信严厉批评第74号指示,否定了中央军事部的构架与工作计划.8月下旬杨殷被捕牺牲,军事部部长由周恩来继任.1930年2月,军事部奉命与军委合并.中央军事部在其存在的一年半时间中,为农村革命根据地的建立及红军的发展做了许多工作,功不可没.     

New datings of Amudian layers at Qesem Cave (Israel): results of TL applied to burnt flints and ESR/U-series to teeth

Because only a few radiometric data are actually available, the chronology of the Amudian – a blade-dominated industry of the Acheulo-Yabrudian Cultural Complex (AYCC) of the late Lower Paleolithic in the Levant – is still not well constrained. Qesem Cave offers the opportunity to enhance our knowledge of the chronological position of this industry which is unique to the Levant. The Qesem Amudian bearing layers yielded also human remains showing affinities with those of modern populations recovered in the Middle Paleolithic sites of Skhul and Qafzeh. The results presented here are the first attempt to apply the TL and ESR/U-series dating methods at this site and these methods yielded results which are generally in agreement. They support a time interval of hominid-bearing occupation of the areas of the cave where Amudian lithic artifacts were recovered during MIS 8 and likely 9 for the Deep Pit Area, and during MIS 8 and possibly 7 for the Upper part of the sequence (Square K/10 and the Eastern Microfauna-Bearing Area). An older occupation of the cave is also conceivable on the base of two dating results (MIS 11).     

陕西横山黑水沟遗址出土铸铜遗物的初步研究

本文对陕西横山黑水沟遗址出土炉渣、坩埚残片及铜器残块等进行了科学分析研究。结果显示,经分析的炉渣样品皆为较典型的合金熔炼渣,炉渣内普遍存在铜合金颗粒;锡石、铅氧化物等物相的存在,证实了锡、铅等合金元素曾参与了熔炼反应。部分样品中高锡铜颗粒的存在,显示此过程系有意识的合金化生产活动,且使用了铜、锡(铅)等较纯的金属物料。铜器残块的分析结果还显示该遗址存在对铜器的回收、重熔。作为陕北地区目前所见最早的青铜冶铸遗存,黑水沟遗址铸铜遗物的研究对于认识该地区先秦时期青铜产业发展及其与中原地区的关系具有重要意义。     

中国古代建筑中的蛎灰及其基本性质

蛎灰(也称作贝壳灰、蜊灰等)是煅烧贝壳等海洋生物得的以氧化钙为主要成分的材料。蛎灰作为中国古代沿海地区常用的建筑凝胶材料和建筑装饰材料具有悠久的历史。本文以福建漳州某处蛎灰烧制炉为例,对蛎灰制作的传统工艺进行了探究。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线荧光(XRF)和扫描电镜对取自古代建筑上蛎灰样品的矿物成分、化学成分和微观形貌进行测试,得到了蛎灰的基本岩石学性质。现场考察及测量表明蛎灰的抗风化能力较强。相关研究为蛎灰在今后古建筑遗址中的保护应用提供了科学依据。     

早期游牧文化起源问题探析

以整个欧亚草原为视角,对比资料相对丰富且具有代表性的内蒙古东南部、萨彦-阿尔泰地区和黑海北岸三个地区畜牧向游牧转变期的材料,对早期游牧起源问题提出自己的一些看法。研究表明,公元前8世纪以前这三个地区都存在自身特色明显、畜牧业发达的遗存,但其中只有萨彦-阿尔泰地区可能已经转变成游牧经济,而内蒙古东南部和黑海地区在同时期可能还没有进入真正的游牧社会。欧亚草原地区各地早期游牧的起源不是同步的,也不是一条直线发展的,最早的游牧很有可能出现在远离发达农业文明且畜牧业发达的草原地带,而与发达农业文明毗邻且与之关系密切的地区游牧则产生的晚一些。     

石峁遗址的考古发现与研究综述

石峁遗址是21世纪中国最为重要的考古新发现之一,引发了学术界关于中国文明起源与形成过程多元性的再反思,对于探索早期国家形成具有重要启示意义。本文回顾了石峁遗址的发现经过及考古历程,介绍了皇城台、外城东门等地点的最新考古成果及综合研究进展,并对研究现状及存在问题进行了述评和反思,以期进一步推动石峁考古发掘与研究工作。     

Identifying metro station types based on transfer purposes: An application of bike-sharing data in Xiamen,China

With the networking of urban rail transit and the large-scale development of bike-sharing, metro and bike-sharing connection has become the preferred way of daily travel for residents of Xiamen. Current studies mainly identify metro station types based on node and place orientation, lacking behaviour-based investigation. To fill this gap, this study aims to explore the classification of metro stations based on transfer purposes by combining bike-sharing and point of interest data in Xiamen, using buffer analysis, kernel density estimation, and DBSCAN clustering algorithm comprehensively. The results indicate the following. (1) Distinct transfer purposes have significant agglomeration characteristics and present poly-centric spatial pattern, an authentic portrayal of Xiamen's land use function. (2) The heterogeneity of connection flow between different transfer purposes and metro stations is apparent. The distribution of flow and flow direction within the same transfer purpose is also in non-equilibrium. (3) Based on traffic connection analysis, metro stations are divided into seven types: transportation hub, employment-oriented, residence-oriented, job-housing balance, school-oriented, traffic-tourism integration, and business connection types. The obtained results assist in improving the transportation connection environment, perfecting urban land use planning, and enhancing low-carbon and green travel.