Spatial–temporal distribution and geographic context of Neolithic cultural sites in the Hanjiang River Basin,Southern Shaanxi,China

Understanding how to live successfully within our environment is among the most pressing challenges facing contemporary society. This paper probes the problem based on comparative analysis and discusses the relationship between the spatial–temporal distribution of the Neolithic cultural sites and the geographic context in the Hanjiang River Basin in the south of Shaanxi Province, China. Archaeological studies have identified 175 Neolithic cultural sites in the study area, with a sequence of Laoguantai (¹⁴C age 8–7 ka BP), Yangshao (¹⁴C age 7–5 ka BP) and the late period of the Neolithic Age (¹⁴C age 5–4 ka BP). The total number of archaeological sites, the distribution area and the density all showed an early ascending and later descending trend, but the proportion of the number of archaeological sites in the study area to the corresponding value of the entire Shaanxi Province declined sharply. Spatially, these sites were concentrated on the terraces of the Hanjiang River and its main tributaries with an altitude of 400–800 m. Multiple data were integrated to clarify the critical effects of tectonic and geomorphologic conditions on the distribution of the Neolithic sites. Further comparisons revealed the correlation of Holocene climate change and environmental evolution with the Neolithic cultural succession in the study area that ameliorated conditions to generally promote the development of the primitive culture while degeneration coincided with the culture's transition or interruption. The discussion on the origin of the primitive culture and the temporal–spatial distribution corresponding to the regional culture differentiation sheds light on the complex and dynamic human–nature interaction system during the Neolithic Age, thus emphasising the wider field-based investigation and high-resolution reconstruction works of the palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment in the future.     

哀劳彝族"抹黑脸"

聚居在哀劳山区的彝族,有一种其他民族很少见的习俗“抹黑脸”,就是在婚丧喜事或宰年猪等请客时,晚宴接近尾声,由劝酒、劝饭而发展到相互往对方脸上抹锅烟灰。     

集海外散存方志谱牒 展历代修志编谱全貌——哈佛大学燕京图书馆、美国国会图书馆、哥伦比亚大学东亚图书馆考察见闻与思考

文章介绍了作者2007年在哈佛大学燕京图书馆、美国国会图书馆、哥伦比亚大学东亚图书馆的考察见闻。这几大图书馆对地方志的收藏都很有特色。不仅仅是藏书量大,而且其中不乏善本、孤本,对社会主义新修方志的收存也很丰富。同时还有不少谱牒和年鉴等相关产品的收藏。通过这些考察见闻,引发了作者对目前中国志书收藏现状的思考。作者认为方志机构与方志工作者,对收集海外散存古方志与谱牒必须给予高度重视。同时希望得到全国古籍整理与出版规划领导小组的支持和帮助,希望设专门机构,专司其事,发挥中央和地方的两个积极性,对中青年专家学者委以重任,这样才能更加丰富我们的馆藏,让那些失散在外的珍贵资料回归祖国。     

第二轮修志应重视和加强非物质文化遗产的收录

地方志是收录和记载非物质文化遗产的重要载体。本文结合第二轮修志工作,简要论述了地方志收录非物质文化遗产的内容、原则、形式和方法。     

Experimental Studies and Vulnerability Assessment of Timber-Arched Lounge Bridges

ABSTRACT

There are many preserved timber-arched lounge bridges in China and some of these bridges are hundreds of years old. The woven arch is the main bearing structure of a timber-arched lounge bridge. Few studies still exist about woven arch mechanical performance, a fact that contributes to the improper repair. This article concerns the structural performance of the woven arch. The results of experimental studies on deformation, stress distribution, force-transferring mechanism, and failure modes were presented. Two woven arch models with and without П-shape braces under symmetrical load and asymmetrical load were investigated. The results indicated that the woven arch had high bearing capacity, especially under symmetrical load. The comparison of experimental results obtained for models with and without brace showed that braces modified the failure mechanism and increased the load carrying capacity and integrity. Based on the failure conditions observed experimentally, limit criteria were defined in order to facilitate vulnerability assessment of timber lounge bridges.     

从幕府到书院看乾嘉汉学大吏阮元的尴尬与无奈

阮元是乾嘉汉学的领袖人物。他组织起清代最大的学术幕府,创办诂经精舍和学海堂,开展声势浩大的学术活动,成绩卓著。然而在与幕宾相处、主持学术研究、领导学术流向、创办书院进行教育改革及实践的过程当中,阮元也有着鲜为人知的尴尬与无奈。这是整个清代学术及士人的真实写照。     

《左传》女性人物形象探析

《左传》是我国先秦时期重要的历史典籍之一,具有很高的文学价值。新时期以来,《左传》中女性人物形象受到研究者的广泛关注,但是对《左传》中女性人物形象的全面研究相对较少。本文拟对《左传》中出现的所有女性人物形象进行总结、归纳和分类,并对其中的典型人物形象展开讨论。     

岫岩"太平香"祭祖还愿仪式圣/俗性论析

烧"太平香"是流传于辽宁省岫岩满族自治县及周边地区的一种民间还愿类祭祖仪式,当地人简称其为"烧香".本文记录了这一民俗事象的仪式过程.在与萨满教仪式的比较中,从岫岩地区的族群发展史、"烧香"仪式的某些程序及服装器具的制作与使用等方面对其神圣/世俗性进行分析,得出:岫岩"烧香"祭祖还愿仪式是一种世俗性裹夹下的"神圣"仪式.     

晚清至民国徽州小农的生产与生活——对5本婺源县排日账的分析

The Pairizhang (day-to-day accounts) found in Huizhou were mostly written by the pupils in old-style private school. They seem similar to a dairy in some way with the activities of family members (mostly male) as the main contents. However, they differ from modern diaries in many ways. It was a common practice in Wuyuan County to keep day-to-day accounts in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. By analyzing the 5 accounts found there, many underlying facts can be revealed, such as the time allocation of the main labor force, the composition of the peasant’s family economy, the general situation of productive activity and the days and ranges of their outdoor activity, etc. All these findings can help us have a better understanding of the peasants’ life in Huizhou at that time. __________ Translated by Li Dan from Jindaishi Yanjiu 近代史研究 (Modern Chinese History Studies), 2008, (2): 119–124