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951.
The study focuses on the evidence for tuberculosis apparent in an Iron Age population recovered from the cemetery of Aymyrlyg, Tyva (Tuva), South Siberia. A recent wholly molecular study of five of the cases confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex DNA in four of the individuals. In all cases the disease was caused by strains of Mycobacterium bovis rather than Mycobacterium tuberculosis and represents the first positive identification of the bovine form of the disease in archaeological human remains. Details of the palaeopathological characteristics of the cases are provided in the current paper, while the molecular observations are extended to include a quantitative evaluation of the surviving mycobacterial DNA using real-time PCR. The observation that bovine tuberculosis was the pathogen responsible is discussed in terms of current understanding of the evolution of the MTB complex as well as the implications for future ancient DNA studies in this area. 相似文献
952.
Anthony Pagden 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》2008,129(3):421-436
This article examines the significance accorded to the discovery of America in the period between 1492 and the publication of Alexander von Humboldt’s Kosmos in 1855. It argues that, the « discovery » of America was perceived as the « uncovering » of not merely a place, but of an epistemological challenge which both transformed, Europe’s intellectual dependence on Antiquity, and shaped its evolving perception of both space and time. It argues that, after the discovery, human history came to be seen, in terms of as series of inventions all of them related to human movement, which were projected, as more and more of the globe was « discovered » into an unpredictable future. 相似文献
953.
Olivier Remaud 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》2008,129(1):105-123
Closely linked to the concept of history, the notion of culture becomes a collective singular during the last third of the xviii th century. The German idea of culture did not immediately come into opposition with the notion of civilization and both terms were for a long time almost identical in meaning. What does the polemical orientation of the German notion of culture reveal from 1880–1890? First, the crumbling of the idealistic neo-kantian pattern of self-determined cultivated person as an end in itself (the so-called Selbstbildung); second, the growing moral condemnation of the empty spirit of the time. This double process reaches its apogee full of hatred during World War I. 相似文献
954.
Philippe Despoix 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》2008,129(3):341-361
In his fragment on music, Max Weber reduces the empirically describable musical object to the «technical medium» utilized by each culture on condition that its analysis remains heterogeneous in the face of aesthetic valorisations. Weber emphasises that the phonographic reproduction of sound constitutes the condition of possibility of an empirical analysis of the musical material, the point of departure of a modern comparative musicology. The empirical approach and cultural comparison thus appear linked in an «empirico-transcendental» crossover which makes both an object and an a priori out of the technical medium. The article explains this methodological choice and its consequences for a comparative sociology of art. 相似文献
955.
Jan Apel 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2008,15(1):91-111
In this paper, the craftsmanship of the Late Neolithic flint daggers in Scandianvia is investigated. The purpose of the investigation
is to map the degree of skill invested in each production stage of the daggers and then relate the degree of craftsmanship
to social factors. This is achieved by applying an operational-chain approach to the dagger production system, and by comparison
with anthropologically and historically documented crafts in traditional societies. It is concluded that the daggers required
knowledge of complicated recipes of action as well as a well-developed muscle memory that can only be acquired through practice.
Thus, the craft is interpreted as demanding some form of an institutionalised apprenticeship system that could guarantee that
it could be reproduced for at least 24 generations. It is further suggested that the flint dagger technology was consciously
organised to keep the recipes of action of the technology exclusive to certain segments of the society. 相似文献
956.
ABSTRACT. Historically, conflict between the two communities in Cyprus has been characterised by the diverging demands of ethno‐nationalists. The introduction of the Annan Plan for the solution of the Cyprus problem has fostered new trends in Cypriot politics and a new alignment of the political forces on the island. This paper argues that the conventional ethno‐nationalist division and the left–right divide are no longer sufficient in understanding the conflict in Cyprus. The new dividing and unifying elements in Cypriot politics can be best understood through analysing the views of political actors on such issues as sovereignty, territoriality, identity and power‐sharing. 相似文献
957.
This introduction explores the relationship between maritime archaeology and the historical archaeology of the African Diaspora,
and discusses the structure and content of this special issue of IJHA, which marks the 200th anniversary of the abolition
of the British slave trade in 2007. 相似文献
958.
The media team on the 2004 Deep Gulf Wrecks mission fulfilled three video-related functions: documentation, preservation,
and outreach. Instead of looking at the media team as witnesses to the scientific events or as video tourists, the mission
leadership integrated the video, backup, and Internet work into the scientific process carried out in the Gulf of Mexico.
While not the first time this kind of cooperation has occurred in deep sea exploration work, the extent of media-scientific
collaboration was exceptional in an age of soundbites and formulaic scientific filmmaking. The key strategic and technical
lessons learned from the mission are summarized. 相似文献
959.
Marcel Moussette 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2008,12(4):277-296
This paper first describes the particular environment represented by the middle estuary where Ile-aux-Oies lies. Secondly,
it reconstructs an early French farming settlement on the basis of archaeological remains and demonstrates the place it occupies
in this special environment. And thirdly, it places the process of adaptation and appropriation in a more global perspective
through a discussion of our research in the light of Ian Hodder’s thesis on the domestication of space during the Neolithic
Revolution in Europe. 相似文献
960.
Robert A. Church Daniel J. Warren 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2008,12(2):103-119
The availability of deepwater survey technology allows researchers to work more readily in waters beyond conventional diving
limits and makes possible an increased number of historical shipwreck projects. Several deepwater historical wreck sites are
being investigated, some are being archaeologically mapped, and a few are even being excavated. Conducting a deepwater archaeological
project to acceptable archaeological standards requires extensive and complex pre-investigation planning; otherwise, valuable
data could be lost, as well as expensive ship and sub time wasted. High-resolution geophysical survey data must be a part
of this planning process. Utilization of this type of data gives the planning scientists a better overall understanding of
the site, which is essential in formulating valid field methodology. Drawing on examples from actual deepwater projects, this
article discusses why high-resolution geophysical data is essential to the planning process, the means and methods used to
collect the data, and how this data is integrated into the planning process to produce a feasible field project plan. 相似文献