饱水竹简变色原因的研究

竹简出土后由于所处环境发生了很大的变化,其颜色也随之快速的变化,竹简的变色使竹简上的字迹模糊不清,很难识读,极大地影响了竹简的史料价值。为研究导致竹简变色的原因,采用3％草酸法、1％的硼氢化钠法、3％的连二亚硫酸钠法、1％过氧化氢法、乙醇法以及控制金属离子浓度的鳌合法分别对竹简进行了脱色处理并采用红外光谱分析及X射线能谱仪对各种方法处理后的竹简进行了分析与检测。研究结果表明：(1)影响竹简变色的主要原因是竹简中的二价铁离子氧化变成三价铁离子,三价铁离子与竹材中的酚类衍生物反应生成深色化合物,导致竹简颜色变深。(2)许多发色基团在光和氧的作用下也会导致竹简变色,不过它们不会引起竹简变色过深。但金属离子尤其是铁元素的存在会加速这种变色甚至发黑。(3)用草酸处理的样品经过一段时问后之所以会出现返色的现象,是由于草酸与铁离子反应生成草酸铁,该反应强于酚羟基与铁离子的结合力,因此草酸可以起到脱色作用。草酸铁为浅黄色,这种颜色与竹材颜色相近。但草酸铁耐光性较差,当吸收紫外光时草酸铁容易发生分解,如果此时有酚类物质存在,则分解的铁离子能与之反应形成黑色物质。同时随着空气中温湿度的不断变化．竹简内部的铁离子也会不断被迁移到竹简的表面,致使竹简再度被“着色”。     

大桂林旅游区开发方略研究

桂林旅游资源得天独厚,如何加大桂林旅游开发的力度,已成为一个紧迫的课题。本文从桂林旅游现状出发,深入分析了有关条件,提出建立大桂林旅游区的构想。     

Contiguity and Similarity as Poetic Modes in Some Poems of Gongora

This article explores how different authors who suffered the violence of the 1970s and 1980s revolutionary movements and military dictatorships in the Southern Cone countries of Latin America look back from a post-dictatorship present to write the history of their recent past. Nostalgia and critical reflection join forces to recreate the feelings of loss of individuals whose identities crashed due to the failure of political projects that once were conceived as messianic, as well as to critically reclaim the past in order to construct alternative futures for themselves as individuals and for the community. The article focuses mainly on the Chilean Diamela Eltit's novel Jamás el fuego nunca (2007), in which an old couple of former revolutionary militants of the Left imprisoned in a claustrophobic space—an old bed—explore their past as militants and as a couple to understand and question notions of individual and collective identity in the aftermath of traumatic and tumultuous experiences. The novel is read in the context of other narratives such as Chilean Luz Arce's testimonial, El infierno (1993) and Argentine political scientist Pilar Calveiro's essays, Poder y desaparición (1998) and Política y/o violencia (2005), among others. This article's theoretical contribution lies in its emphasis on the ethical consideration of listening to all of the narratives that speak to us about that era cognizant of their differing motivations, desires, tonalities, and subjective trajectories. Only by paying close attention to the polyphony of voices and documents about the past—especially those that speak to us from a time of subjective crisis and trauma—can we achieve a true sense of historicity.     

In-Plane Seismic Response Analyses of a Historical Brick Masonry Building Using Equivalent Frame and 3D FEM Modeling Approaches

ABSTRACT

This article aims at contributing to the seismic performance assessment of a historic brick masonry building by finding a strength reduction coefficient through the use of linear and nonlinear modeling approaches, using Finite Element Method and Equivalent Frame modeling. To reduce the uncertainties, ambient vibration tests (AVT) were implemented. Series of simulations was performed using nonlinear dynamic analyses and incremental dynamic analysis curves were compared with the pushover curves. Results indicate that the mass-proportional pushover curve meets the mean of results obtained from IDA and the strength reduction coefficient falls into the range given in EN 1998–1 for unreinforced masonry.     

Being a nation through the crown. Banal monarchism and nation-building in Spain, 1833–68

ABSTRACT

Studies on nationalism have rarely given importance to the role played by the monarchy. In the Spanish case, studies have principally underlined its negative impact at the beginning of the twentieth century. This article aims to approach the origins of this political and cultural junction between the crown and the phenomenon of nationalism in Spain. A process that took place during the reign of Queen Isabel II (1833–68) and that followed very similar times and formulas to its neighbouring countries. It is first discuss the challenge that the monarchy faced in resignifying and relocating itself politically and symbolically in the nineteenth century. On this path, the crown found in the nation a perfect partner. However, liberalism also used the historical legitimacy of the monarchy to construct a nationalist discourse where monarchical identity was a structuring and undeniable piece of the national essence. Then, the author studies two typologies of strategies undertaken by them to convey their idea of nation, to mobilize people and to engender national loyalty: royal travel and images of the monarchy – both literal and figurative – used by the state. A comparative perspective with different European cases is always follow, particularly with Queen Victoria.