Bone frequencies: differential transport, in situ destruction,and the MGUI

Human transport of bones with high food values, and destruction of bones with low density values are the traditionally invoked explanations of the frequencies of bones in archeological contexts. The manner in which these two explanations have been used suggests archaeologists assume the explanations to be independent of one another. The transport explanation is operationalized as the modified general utility index (MGUI) of Binford, and the destruction explanation is operationalized with measures of bone density. Statistical correlation of the MGUI with bone density, while weak, indicates that many high utility bones have low density values while many low utility bones have high density values. Because low density bones tend to be destroyed more readily than high density bones, inferences of human utility strategies derived from bone frequencies and based on the MGUI may be inaccurate. The utility strategies suggested by three archaeofaunas are compared to bone density, and two of these faunas are shown to potentially be the result of differential destruction and not human transport as measured by the MGUI.     

Sourcing copper ores for production of bronzes excavated at Shuangyantang,a Western Zhou (1046–771 <Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">bc</Emphasis>) site in Chongqing (Southwest China): evidence from lead isotope analysis

Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and lead isotope analyses were applied to 12 Western Zhou (1046–771 bc) bronzes unearthed from the Shuangyantang site in Wushan County, Chongqing (southwest China), to investigate their chemical compositions and possible mineral source(s). The results showed that (1) the investigated bronzes were mostly bronzes with low, common lead and (2) their lead isotopic values almost all fall into a relatively narrow range, suggesting possibly the use of raw materials from a common copper mine. The comparison between lead isotopic values for Shuangyantang bronzes and those already published for copper mines and other bronzes produced and used about at the same times leads us to believe that the Shuangyantang bronzes probably used the same copper ores as used in bronzes from the Peng and Jin states in Shanxi Province. However, it would not be possible at this point to come up with a clear idea of where exactly these copper ores may come from. Candidate copper mines might be the Tonglvshan mines in Hubei Province, the Zhongtiaoshan mines in Shanxi Province, or the Dajing copper mines in Inner Mongolia.     

Embodied bicycle commuters in a car world

As an initiative to increase cycling, bike to work (BTW) events emphasize a pragmatic approach in which people learn through sensory experience. Pragmatism contends that the lived experience of the commuter within fluid geographies of social and physical conditions informs commuting knowledge and behavior. I researched how bicyclists participate in the 2012 BTW event in Lake Tahoe (USA) and how these experiences facilitate the process of becoming bicycle commuters. My study included participant observations, interviews, video observations, and route mapping. I analyzed this data with thematic and narrative analyses. I find that the BTW event illuminates bicycling, a normally invisible practice in a car world, and creates temporary bicycle-friendly spaces that provide the embodied experience and knowledge of bicycle commuting within context. Through this lived experience, participants can break free from unconscious car-based patterns and become embodied bicycle commuters who engage in active renegotiations of their commuting practices.     

关于《东林列传》及其影印本有关问题

《东林列传》是研究明末东林党人的重要资料,具有较高的文献参考价值,因此有关《东林列传》的版本问题也是一个值得重视的学术课题。     

宋元"海上丝绸之路"繁荣时期广州、明州(宁波)、泉州三大港口发展之比较研究

自西汉开辟"海上丝绸之路"以来,在我国漫长的海岸线上,先后出现了十余个与"海上丝绸之路"形成与发展关系密切的大小港口.这些港口在长期的发展演变过程中,历经兴衰与更迭,至宋元时期,最终形成了广州、明州(宁波)、泉州三大贸易枢纽港.这三大港口不仅是这一时期"海上丝绸之路"的最主要起迄港,而且在促进东西方经济贸易和文化交流方面亦起到了举足轻重的作用.本文拟结合市舶制度的建立、造船业的发展、航海线路的拓展以及中外文化交流等方面的状况,对宋元时期这三大港口的发展规模、功能特征、地位作用及其演变历程等进行比较研究,以进一步揭示三大港口历史发展的基本态势与内在规律,同时也为当今全球经济一体化大背景下的港口发展,提供一些有益的启示.     

青海瞿昙寺壁画颜料的研究

通过对青海瞿昙寺画郎和建筑彩绘所用的22个绘画颜料样品的 x-射线衍射和同位素 x 荧光分析.共分析出20多种无机矿物颜料,此外.还有蓝钯、黄钯有机颜料。本文对这些颜料的分析结果进行丁综合论述.并与敦煌石窟、麦积山石窟、炳灵寺石窟等的彩绘颜料进行了研究。     

天然材料在丝织品文物清洗保护中的应用综述

以古鉴今,为发掘古代传统清洗方法中的科学、合理成分,解决现代化学洗涤剂清洗丝织品文物产生的易损伤、易残留、污染大的问题;简要回顾了皂苷、淀粉等植物活性成分,胰子、油脂等动物提取物,草木灰、天然碱等矿物质以及微生物酶等天然材料在古代日常清洗和古书画清洗中的应用记载;并简单介绍了天然材料在清洗丝织品文物血迹、脂肪等有机污染物、微生物霉斑、矿物质类无机污染物上的应用进展。清洗效果评估说明,天然材料对丝织品文物的损伤小,适用于其清洗保护,是对丝织品文物清洗保护的一个重大进步。     

馆藏壁画保护理论探索与实践——以甘肃省博物馆藏武威天梯山石窟壁画的保护修复为例

馆藏壁画是具有重要历史、科学和艺术价值的博物馆藏品之一,大部分为来自考古发掘现场的墓葬壁画,其次为揭取搬迁的石窟壁画和殿堂壁画。因其制作材料(主要为泥质或石灰层地仗)脆弱,保存年代久远,各种病害多发且严重。已有研究结果表明,石窟壁画保护的难点是水—盐运移引起的壁画酥碱等病害问题,而当石窟壁画转移到博物馆作为藏品保存后,其赋存环境条件发生了根本变化,博物馆可控的、稳定的温度、湿度使其保护难度大大降低,保护现存实物原状与历史信息必然成为馆藏壁画保护的重要内容。本研究以甘肃省博物馆藏武威天梯山石窟壁画的保护修复为例,结合多年石窟壁画保护实践,探讨了馆藏石窟壁画保护理论与保护程序,重点阐述了壁画附加支撑体的去除、新支撑体的选择以及安装等方面的技术要点。提出通过举办专题展览,利用多媒体等高新技术,可以生动、形象、准确地反映和展示馆藏壁画的价值及保护修复过程,弥补传统陈列展览模式的不足。研究成果对同类文物的保护具有重要的借鉴价值。     

唐、五代景德镇蓝田窑青瓷科技研究

随着2012年景德镇蓝田窑的发现和发掘,出土了大量的青釉瓷器。通过对窑址及出土陶瓷文物的整理与研究,专家提出蓝田窑是目前为止景德镇发现的早期烧制青瓷的窑址之一,其中出土的部分青瓷应为唐代时期烧造。因此,研究蓝田窑唐代和五代时期青瓷对探索景德镇早期青瓷的发展有着至关重要的作用。鉴于此,本研究以唐代和五代景德镇蓝田窑青瓷为研究对象,利用能量色散X射线荧光光谱分析仪、热膨胀仪等对24件唐、五代蓝田窑青瓷样品进行了测试,对比分析了唐代和五代景德镇蓝田窑青瓷的组成和工艺特征,为研究景德镇早期青瓷及其初步发展提供了一定的数据支撑。