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Sandra Eder 《Gender & history》2010,22(3):692-707
The term ‘gender role’ was coined at Johns Hopkins's paediatric endocrinology clinic in the 1950s, where Dr Lawson Wilkins and psychologist John Money diagnosed, treated and evaluated intersexual children, most of them suffering from a condition called congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Going beyond existing discourses on the medicalisation of intersexuality, I reframe the emergence of gender as an element in the development of a specific medical treatment for an endocrinological condition and excavate the complex and contingent historical factors that led to the formulation of gender role in the Hopkins context. Using previously unavailable patient records from the clinic, this article follows the patients through their medical encounters and describes the process of normalisation around the diagnosis, treatment and management of CAH. By paying specific attention to the practices at the clinic, I show that diagnosing a child's sex often depended on the physicians’ skill, experience and techniques. Correct gender role was folded into the management of CAH as one aspect of successful treatment. Normalisation was a process, in which treating somatic effects and assuring psychological healthiness were deeply enmeshed in the conviction that a normal life would only be possible as a clearly gendered and sexed person. 相似文献
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Christopher D. Dore Sandra L. López Varela 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2010,17(3):279-302
The following article presents a new approach to the spatial and chemical analysis of residues left by the cycle of activities
that interweave specialized clay griddle production with other domestic tasks at two house lots located in the Mexican town
of Cuentepec, Morelos. Based upon multivariate spatial statistics and image analysis techniques, this analytical approach
allows for a more robust definition of activity areas across multiple data domains. These patterns, and the general approach
by which they were created, provide a framework for evaluating the potential of applying social theories in archaeology for
the interpretation of chemical residue analysis. 相似文献
65.
Sandra L. López Varela Christopher D. Dore 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2010,17(3):249-278
Studying human activities requires an examination of the inherent epistemological problems in building arguments about the
past based on chemical residues and modern observations. A reflexive approach to the analysis of chemical residues at the
San Lucas archaeological site, a Classic Hohokam settlement located in Marana, Arizona, represents a unique opportunity to
evaluate current techniques and paradigms for the interpretation of daily life activities. By incorporating an innovative
program rooted in satellite remote sensing image analysis and spatial statistics, including new techniques, such as bulk density,
loss on ignition, electrical conductivity, and salinity, results suggest that soil chemical analysis will benefit more from
learning about structure and agency than from one single activity. 相似文献
66.
Sandra Panned 《Oceania; a journal devoted to the study of the native peoples of Australia, New Guinea, and the Islands of the Pacific》2002,72(4):294-295
The Forest of Taboos: Morality, Hunting and Identity among the Huaulu of the Moluccas By Valerio Valeri . Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press. 2000. Pp. xxiii +509 相似文献
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Despite an increasing number of studies assessing the importance of institutions as regards to accountability, it still remains to be known whether and how an individual's national and regional identity shapes the attribution of responsibilities in multi‐level settings. By focusing on the economic crisis that affected Europe since 2008, we argue that identity‐based assessments of responsibility for the crisis will occur solely among individuals who hold exclusively national or regional identities and who live in regions that have nationalist aspirations. This will be in contrast to individuals that have exclusively identities who live in regions that lack nationalist aspirations, as well as dual‐identity individuals, irrespective of where they live. We test our arguments by using data from Catalonia and Madrid (Spain) and Bavaria and Lower Saxony (Germany). In line with our expectations, our results show that, in minority nationalist regions such as Catalonia, an individual's identity will crucially determine which level of government is blamed for the economic crisis, while this will not occur in regions with no nationalist aspirations. The article reveals the existence of an additional determinant of blame attribution in some specific multi‐level arrangements and contributes to the understanding of the tensions between identity politics and blame avoidance. 相似文献
69.
Sandra Fiori Romina Frontini Cristina Bayón 《The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology》2019,14(2):291-300
Mollusks were an important component in the diet of the hunter-gatherer groups that inhabited the coastal zones of South America during the Holocene, as recorded in the littoral shell and archaeological sites distributed from Brazil to Argentina. Although the shells are relatively resistant to physical and chemical agents, they are also fragile and various post-depositional processes affect their integrity. Puente de Fierro is an archaeological site located in the south of Buenos Aires province (Argentina), in which remains of the yellow clam (Amarilladesma mactroides) were recovered totally fragmented. We investigate if a morphometric model based on modern clams could be applied to estimate shell size and individual biomass of archaeological clams. Linear regression models reveal a high correlation between the chondrophore length and the shell length, and therefore, the individual biomass of the yellow clam. 相似文献
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This article examines neutral Switzerland's recognition policy towards the divided states of Korea and Vietnam. Drawing comparisons with other neutrals, notably Austria and Sweden, allows us to assess the credibility of neutrality in the Global Cold War. All three neutrals explicitly or implicitly aimed to reinforce their neutrality through the principle of universality, which entailed the recognition of all regimes, no matter their political couleur. Yet this principle was not applied consistently, but rather pragmatically. Until the beginning of the 1970s, Switzerland, as well as Austria and Sweden, favoured the Western-oriented over the Communist halves of Korea and Vietnam. Thereby, this article argues, they undermined the credibility of neutrality. They were, however, willing to take that risk, because they feared that the recognition of North Korea and North Vietnam could irritate the United States, and provoke East German claims for recognition, which was undesirable due to the Hallstein doctrine and West Germany's economic weight. It was only with the rise of the Third World as a political force, and the softening of the US position that the neutrals, which saw themselves in competition with each other for status and influence, eventually recognised North Korea and North Vietnam. 相似文献