The Danish St Croix Project: Revisiting the Lincoln Colonization Program with Foreign-language Sources

Working from previously unknown sources in Danish archives, this article establishes for the first time the important role that the island of St Croix played in the Lincoln administration's considerations on colonizing African Americans abroad. This article argues that U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward, commonly viewed as an anti-colonizationist, was at least a mild proponent of colonization in its earliest stages. The article demonstrates further that in the summer of 1862, the St Croix colonization project was an important stepping stone in the Lincoln administration's legal justification for emancipation, and that it was recognized as such by high-ranking Confederates. The negotiations failed for reasons that had little to do with Lincoln or his opinion on the matter. Rather, the plan fell through because the Danes slowly turned against it for economic and political reasons. The substantial conclusion of this article is that, contrary to earlier perceptions in the historiography, African American colonization during the Civil War was not led and directed entirely from Washington. Rather, in this case, the Danish minister proposed a colonization plan and then worked with the U.S. Government to attempt to see it through.     

北京延庆岔道城明代城墙灰浆失效因素研究

古代砖砌墙体多用灰浆作为黏结材料,其老化失效是墙体损毁的重要原因之一.本文应用红外热成像仪、X-射线荧光分析仪、X-射线衍射仪和离子色谱仪等,分析了北京市延庆地区明代岔道城遗址灰浆及其保存环境状况,通过模拟老化试验探讨了影响其长期保存的主要因素,为此类砖砌墙体保护与维修提供依据.     

The first palaeontinid from the Late Jurassic of Australia (Hemiptera,Cicadomorpha, Palaeontinidae)

Chen, J., Beattie, R., Wang, B., Jiang, H., Zheng, Y. & Zhang, H., 12 April 2019. The first palaeontinid from the Late Jurassic of Australia (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Palaeontinidae). Alcheringa 43, 449–454. ISSN 0311-5518.

Palaeontinidae, an extinct group of large arboreal insects, has the most diverse record among the Mesozoic Hemiptera, but only a few taxa have been reported from the Southern Hemisphere. Herein, Talbragarocossus jurassicus Chen, Beattie & Wang gen. et sp. nov., one of the earliest representatives of ‘late’ Palaeontinidae, is described and illustrated from the Upper Jurassic Talbragar Fossil Fish Bed in New South Wales, Australia. This new taxon constitutes the first representative of Palaeontinidae in Australia and the first Jurassic example in Gondwanaland, providing significant distributional and stratigraphic extensions to the family.

Jun Chen*? [rubiscada@sina.com] and Yan Zheng? [zhengyan536@163.com], Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi 276000, China. Bo Wang? [bowang@nigpas.ac.cn], Hui Jiang [huijiang@nigpas.ac.cn] and Haichun Zhang [hczhang@nigpas.ac.cn] State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China. Robert Beattie [rgbeattie@bigpond.com], Australian Museum, 1 William St., Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. ?Also affiliated with: State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China. ?Also affiliated with: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China.     

考古发掘现场出土脆弱遗迹提取方法研究述评

考古发掘现场脆弱遗迹提取关系到遗迹长期保存及后续保护修复,因此要求提取方法科学、严谨,所用材料安全、有效。本文以考古发掘现场文物保护与修复工作实际出发,总结了提取材料的要求与原则,回顾了考古发掘现场出土脆弱遗迹所用的石膏提取、聚氨酯泡沫提取、环十二烷提取以及薄荷醇提取等几种方法的使用情况,评述了其提取工艺及性能,并对考古发掘现场出土脆弱遗迹提取方法未来研究方向进行了展望。     

体验链条产业化:旅游吸引物构建的一种系统方法——基于新疆博尔塔拉温泉县的个案研究

旅游核心吸引物不仅具有某种特殊的客观属性,同时还具有人为主观建构的符号属性,它在旅游体验中的价值体现在多个方面。论文提出了旅游核心吸引物构建的一种新方法,其基本思路是:从市场空白与产品创新角度切入,通过二维矩阵定位方法萃取旅游主题;然后按照"真实性体验"原理进行旅游产品设计,以地方特色产业为纽带,构建由一系列游客参与体验活动串联而成的旅游体验链条。这种建立在旅游目的地本地产业化需求与外部旅游市场需求双向驱动基础上的新方法,突出旅游吸引物的体验价值性及其产业化生产组织过程,能有效解决少数民族地区旅游产业开发与地方优势传统产业的衔接问题,从根本上实现少数民族地区旅游业发展的立地性和可持续性。     

阿尔寨石窟壁画颜料的拉曼光谱分析

本文利用拉曼光谱对内蒙古阿尔寨石窟壁画不同颜料进行了鉴定和分析。结果表明．绿色颜料为碱式氯化铜、蓝色颜料为蓝铜矿、白色为方解石、红色为朱砂、黑色为碳黑。这为阿尔寨石窟壁画进行研究及保护工作提供了科学的依据。同时也表明,拉曼光谱简便、快速、对样品要求量小．对样品无损分析,符合文物材质分析的要求,并可得到准确的信息。     

彩绘陶器保护修复规范化操作初步研究——以山东青州汉墓出土彩绘陶马为例

本文从山东省青州市香山汉墓出土的彩绘汉俑保护修复为出发点,结合近年来陶质彩绘文物保护修复的新进展,以彩绘陶马(K1X3区2:638,K1②区5:415)为例,探讨彩绘陶俑保护修复的科学操作流程,并对保护修复各环节在具体实施中提出基本规范要求.     

福建唐代陈元通夫妇墓出土银质文物的微观结构分析

为了解陈元通夫妇墓出土银质文物的破损状况,更好地对文物进行处理.利用金相、XRD、SEM-EDS、显微硬度分析等,对其进行了微观形貌分析.确定了腐蚀产物,观察到几种不同的腐蚀形貌,揭示了银质文物易脆裂的内因.提出保护处理文物时,对银制品的脆性问题要给予更多关注.     

“民族野心”：晚年陈独秀关于民族精神的一种新见解

陈独秀是中国现代史上最杰出的文化人物之一.他在抗日战争爆发后提出的"民族野心说"表现了他晚年文化观的再次新变.由于此说语言激切,在当年并不为社会各界所普遍认同;由于此说同时具有既对德意法西斯制度予以激烈否定,也对苏俄高度集权"政制"予以尖锐剖析和抨击的双重语境①,它在建国以后数十年中也从不被人们所提及.随着时间的推移,当年如日中天的德、意和苏俄国家已经为历史所汰沥,而他的上述见解、尤其是他关于"民族精神"等的思考却以其超时代的深刻性和现实性,日益显出其作为一个思想先行者的慧观洞识.重新审视晚年陈独秀的有关见解,对于当今关于振兴民族精神的讨论,当不无裨益.     

女权：无可奈何花落去——《诗经》婚恋悲剧的社会原因

《诗经》的婚恋悲剧,多是追求自由与专一的悲剧,这其中固然有礼制的原因,但并非是最根本的。西周以来的嫡长子继承制,使女性失去了拥有基本权利的经济基础,从而导致男权凌驾于女权之上,进而演化成整个社会的男权集体无意识。女子的婚恋悲剧就是由于女权被男权剥夺而导致的。