基于旅游互动的背包客通用技能变化研究

通用技能也被称为通用能力,是在信息丰富的社会成为一个经验丰富的专业人才所需要的先天能力、后天能力和知识.旅游是一种非正式的学习,通过旅游互动能改变旅游者的通用技能.本文研究背包旅游者通用技能变化以说明旅游互动与通用技能变化的关系.本文通过文献、访谈,结合因子分析,完善并验证背包者旅游互动模型,将背包者旅游互动分为与环境的互动和与人的互动两种,并进一步基于旅游互动行为的特点,通过因子聚类分析,将所有样本人群分成3类.     

扑满考略

我国古代民间家用储钱器具有钱罐、钱袋等,钱罐较早见文献记载,据湖北云梦睡虎地秦墓出土的秦律竹简《关市律》所记：“为作务及官府市,受钱必辄入其钱骺中,令市者见其入,不从令者赀一甲。”钱骺即为最初的储钱罐,《说文·缶部》：“缿,受钱器也,从缶,后声。古以瓦,今以竹。”而《汉书·赵广汉传》载：“又教吏为砺笛。”     

Impacts of Spatial Autocorrelation in Georeferenced Beta and Multinomial Random Variables

The literature is replete with acknowledgments that spatial autocorrelation (SA) inflates the variance of a random variable (RV), and that it also may alter other RV distributional properties. In most studies, impacts of SA have been examined only for the three most commonly used distributions: the normal, Poisson (and its negative binomial counterpart), and binomial distributions; much less is known about its effects on two other RVs that are utilized in GIScience research: the beta and the multinomial. The beta distribution—which is considered to be very flexible because it can mimic a uniform, exponential, sinusoidal, and normal RV—can be utilized to analyze the radiance of a remotely sensed image, for example. The multinomial distribution, a generalization of the binomial distribution, has been widely used for land use classification, and to describe land use change. The literature also suggests that RV impacts of negative SA, a neglected topic in spatial analysis, may differ from those of positive SA, at least for some RVs (e.g., the Poisson RV). The purpose of this article is to extend the investigation of effects of SA to beta and multinomial RVs, with both positive SA and negative SA assessed and contrasted with each other, using simulation experiments. The simulation experiments are designed to support this assessment. One of the major discoveries is that impacts of positive SA and negative SA behave similarly when a RV conforms to a normal distribution; however, maximum negative SA is unable to materialize for asymmetric RV, whereas positive SA always converges upon its maximum.     

晚清时期南洋地区中华商会的角色定位及其实践

论文聚焦于晚清南洋各埠中华商会的创办及其在保障当地华人华商权益、增进海内外同胞沟通与交流等方面所发挥的作用,从章程文书和案例两个视角剖析南洋中华商会的角色定位。20世纪初,清政府倡导创办商会,南洋各埠华商积极响应。由于清政府在海外的护侨保侨作用有限,南洋中华商会在近代海外华人社会中扮演着多重角色。它不仅是商业联合组织,更是维护海外华侨权益、增进海内外同胞交流的重要支柱。早期中华商会的一系列努力奠定了其在海外华侨社会中的影响与地位,并延续至今。     

特制绢地书画作品修复——以清代莫晋绢本书法立轴为例

特制绢地书画作品的修复历来是一大难题,因困于材料的特殊性与稀缺性,如寻觅不到同类补绢,就较难实现理想的修复效果。清代莫晋绢本书法立轴的画心材质为一种经过涂布、染色、描绘等工艺制成的特制绢本,因保存不当,画心已出现严重断裂残缺、部分涂层填料脱落等劣化现象,亟需修复保护。但画心用绢的质地和颜色特殊,无法找到与之接近的补绢。本次修复通过对绢的表面涂层进行检测分析,并参阅传统纸张再加工材料的检测报告和研究文献,再结合对材料的老化实验等,确定将瓷土和高岭土按一定比例混合来代替原涂层中的铅白作为本次修复的涂布材料。最后通过对修补涂层的全色,取得较为理想的修复效果。     

Gendered networks and migration decision-making in Northern Vietnam

This paper examines the gender aspect of migrant networks, particularly the different ways networks are expected to assist men's or women's migration during migration decision-making processes. Through the case study of a farming community in Northern Vietnam, it shows that migrant networks are not gender neutral and, more importantly, men and women capitalise on different functions of networks to facilitate their migratory endeavours. Whilst men tend to be connected to relatively more extended networks primarily for practical support, women are more likely to be tied to family networks, which provide them with not just information and practical support but also social protection. These gender-specific expectations and uses of migrant networks have important implications for men's and women's mobility. The paper provides new insights into the way migration choices are made by men and women and at the same time underscores the importance of understanding migrant networks in researching migration.     

北京金融服务业空间格局及模式研究

利用北京行政区域界限基础地理底图及相关统计年鉴,通过GIS技术及INTERNET查询、调研等途径,将北京行政区内银行、保险、证券及其他金融服务业网点机构进行矢量化。借助区位熵、均匀度指数和空间缓冲区分析,测度北京金融服务业空间分布特征,结果显示:①北京市金融服务业,特别是保险和证券服务业主要集中在中心区和郊区内沿,空间上呈现出以金融街、中央商务区所在的中心区为核心,其他区县(政府所在地)为外围的"核心-外围"结构;②中心区内金融服务业空间布局相对均匀,三环和四环之间金融机构分布较多,与国外大都市服务业的"单中心集聚,总体扩散"区位特征基本相同;③不同类型金融机构空间布局差异较大,各金融机构总部集中在金融街布局,中国人民银行集中布局在金融街-前门广场东西路上,呈线状布局,证券在北二环和北四环之间相对集中,保险服务业相对分散。④以金融街为中心作缓冲区多边形,间隔距离为2km,做10个缓冲区,发现在0-2km内服务网点机构密度最大,6-8km和8-10km内机构数量最多。⑤金融服务业空间布局模式多样化。     

历史学科必须面对现实拓展研究领域

历史学家应该而且必需对现实深切关怀,注意现实与历史的关系,并不断从现实的挑战中发现新的研究课题,形成学科的新的理论生长点,以发挥史学的社会功能.     

20世纪60年代西方学生运动的若干特点

20世纪60年代在西方爆发了大规模的学生运动,它有力地冲击着资本主义政治制度,批判了资本主义化和教育制度。这次新型的群众运动是在世界体系和全球化背景下展开的。它是第二次世界大战结束后发生在西方社会的重大事件,具有不同于以往革命群众的若干特点。