馆藏砖石质文物有害盐中多种无机及有机酸阴离子的定量分析

博物馆环境空气中无机或有机酸性污染气体会腐蚀馆藏砖石质文物并使其表面出现有害盐。常见的有害盐种类复杂，可能同时含有无机和有机酸阴离子。为进一步认识文物盐害和分析盐害产生的原因，本研究建立了一种基于离子色谱的有害盐中无机和有机酸阴离子定量分析方法。该方法可同时测定馆藏砖石质文物上有害盐中氟离子、氯离子、溴离子、硝酸根、亚硝酸根、磷酸根、硫酸根、甲酸根、乙酸根、丙酸根、丁酸根、戊酸根等十二种阴离子。采用2～30 mmol/L KOH淋洗液梯度洗脱，能够在35 min的检测时间下实现该十二种阴离子的快速分离与准确检测。所有阴离子的标准曲线的相关系数均高于0.995,检出限为0.001～0.022μg/mL,定量限为0.004～0.073μg/mL;加标回收率为81.8%～107.0%。该方法采用超纯水作为溶剂，样品处理简单，易于操作；具有成本低廉、检测时间短和准确性高的特点；可定量计算有害盐中多种无机及有机酸阴离子的质量分数。将该方法应用于中国国家博物馆馆藏“汉并天下”瓦当和仿制玉炉表面有害盐中的无机及有机酸阴离子的分析，可为分析盐害发生的原因，阻止、延缓及预测盐害的发生提供依据。     

小议养器与养国

桐柏月河墓地出土的“■”器和“■”器都应该是养国的器物,“番昶”器与“■”器性质是不同的。所谓“番”(或沈),其封地当在今河南信阳固始县境,“番昶”器也主要集中于信阳一带,故“番昶”应为番(沈)下的一个分支,而与“■”无关。     

纸质文物辐照消毒研究进展

纸张是人类历史文化信息的重要载体,纸质文物的妥善保存是文明延续的一部分。纸制品在使用及存储期间,除发生自然老化外,还受到以真菌为主的微生物损害,因此纸张消毒处理是保护过程中的重要步骤。本文总结了微生物对纸制品的危害以及常用的化学和物理消毒方法,重点介绍了电离辐射对纸制品消毒的成效,并分析了辐照对纸张机械性能、颜色和聚合度等方面的影响。     

法律史学史视域下的陈寅恪隋唐刑律制度研究

陈寅恪研究隋唐刑律制度,创获甚多。尤其在对隋唐刑律制度渊源考辨时,在繁杂的刑律变迁中匠心独具地勾勒出隋唐刑律制度的三大源头,打破了当时学界对这一问题的诸多缪见。陈寅恪擅于用民族文化视野来研究隋唐史,由于这一研究视野要求紧扣种族、地域等对政治与法律影响最巨的核心因素,故能做到发前人之所未发,引领了该领域学术研究的发展大势与潮流。尽管陈寅恪并没有留下法律史学方面的皇皇巨著,但其倡导的学术研究应重"预流"之志以及精密考证与义理阐发相结合的科学研究方法、多学科研究视角的应用,均为法律史学研究提供了新范式,在中国法律史学发展史上具有重要地位。     

“少子化”与“老龄化”:马来西亚华人人口发展特点与趋势预测

论文基于历年马来西亚官方的统计数据,对当前"少子化"背景下马来西亚华人人口发展现状进行系统描述;在人口转变理论框架下对马来西亚华人人口比重下降这一现象进行归因分析;并利用人口队列预测方法预测分析马来西亚中长期人口发展状况。研究发现:由于较早开始人口转变进程,马来西亚华人具有低生育率、高老龄化程度等特征;人口转变进程中的族群"堕距",是当前华人人口比重下降的根本原因。伴随马来西亚各族群人口转变进程的推进,未来华人人口比例下降速度将逐步趋缓,但老龄化程度将快速提高。     

CONSUMING THE TOURIST GAZE: IMAGINATIVE GEOGRAPHIES AND THE REPRODUCTION OF SEXUALITY IN LUGU LAKE

Imaginative geographies engage with the understanding and experiencing of place and place‐based social and cultural specificities through a process of re‐creation and reproduction. In this article, we explore the imaginative geographies of Lugu Lake, a tourist destination in China's Yunnan Province, and of the Mosuo people, the local minority which practices a unique marriage system. We investigate how Mosuo society has been imagined in popular discourses and representations through two cultural labels: matriarchy and free sex. We also discuss how the imaginative geographies of Lugu Lake have restructured the encounters between the local people, especially the young men, and the incoming tourists in the context of tourism development. We interrogate the complex processes of identity formation in which both the tourists and the indigenous people renegotiate and reconstruct their cultural identities within various inside–outside connections and interactions. Our central argument is that the sex encounters between tourists and the local Mosuo are conditioned by popular imaginative geographies of the sexual practices of the Mosuo. But the encounter in tourism between the gazer and the gazed also accommodates complex identity formations and the renegotiation of social relations. The empirical observations are twofold: first, the locality of Lugu Lake has been reproduced with folk and tourist imaginative geographies into an erotic frontier of free sex; second, we also argue that the geographical imagination in this case is a reciprocal process which involves the local Mosuo's renegotiation of place‐based identity, in a pursuit of imagined progress and modernity.