The Recognition and Utilization of Silkworm Resources in the Hongshan Culture: Focusing on the Unearthed Jade Silkworms

Jade silkworms unearthed from the sites of the Hongshan culture reflect that the mulberry silkworms and tussah silkworms were recognized and utilized in the Liaoxi (west Liaohe River) valley from at least 5.5 to 5 thousand years ago. This not only makes the Yan-Liao region (extending from the Yanshan Mountains to the Liaohe River valley), where the west Liaohe River valley is located, become another prehistoric center of silkworm resource utilization besides the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, but also traces the earliest time and the area of the utilization of tussah silkworms in China from Shandong Peninsula in the Han Dynasty to the west Liaohe River valley in the Hongshan period. Meanwhile, the quantitative superiority of jade tussah silkworms implies that wild silkworm resources were still the main source of silk for the Neolithic inhabitants. The understanding and expression means of“taking jade as silkworm” and“turning silkworm into dragon” in the Hongshan culture coincide with those in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and are a vivid portrayal of the Hongshan culture as a direct root of the Chinese civilization.     

机械切割在土遗址搬迁保护中的应用研究

传统的人工掏挖装箱搬运分块过多,为尽量减少对土遗址本体的干预,本研究提出了采用机械切割方式对土遗址进行分块的方法。以上海广富林文化遗址"F12房址"搬迁保护工程为背景,设计了机械切割设备,试验初探了机械切割在土遗址搬迁保护中的应用,对水平切割速度、牵引力及设备等关键技术进行了针对性研究,并改进机械切割方案,成功应用于房址整体搬迁保护工程。研究表明:机械切割技术可应用于土遗址搬迁保护,有效减少分块数日,降低搬迁作业对遗址的损伤,可为相似的文物保护工程提供有益借鉴。     

The Overseeing Mother: Revisiting the Frontal-Pose Lady in the Wu Family Shrines in Second-Century China

Located in present-day Jiaxiang in Shandong province, the Wu family shrines built during the second century in the Eastern Han dynasty (25–220) were among the best-known works in Chinese art history. Although for centuries scholars have exhaustively studied the pictorial programs, the frontal-pose female image situated on the second floor of the central pavilion carved at the rear wall of the shrines has remained a question. Beginning with the woman's eyes, this article demonstrates that the image is more than a generic portrait (“hard motif”), but rather represents “feminine overseeing from above” (“soft motif”). This synthetic motif combines three different earlier motifs – the frontal-pose hostess enjoying entertainment, the elevated spectator, and the Queen Mother of the West. By creatively fusing the three motifs into one unity, the Jiaxiang artists lent to the frontal-pose lady a unique power: she not only dominated the center of the composition, but also, like a divine being, commanded a unified view of the surroundings on the lofty building, hence echoing the political reality of the empress mother's “overseeing the court” in the second century during Eastern Han dynasty.     

Stochastic Seismic Response of Pipelines with Corrosion

For aging pipelines, corrosion gradually appears inside and outside during in-service time. However, because the uncertainty characteristics of the soil around the pipeline and conveying material in the pipeline, the generation and development processes of the pipeline corrosion would be stochastic processes. This background must be taken into account in the seismic response analysis of the pipeline. In this article, using Markov chain with absorbing barrier, a model simulating the evolution of the pipeline corrosion is presented. This model divides a pipeline into several segments and obtains the distribution probabilities of the cross section areas of the segments. Elastic foundation beam method and random perturbation method are used to obtain the seismic response of the pipeline with corrosion. To validate the proposed method, two pipelines are investigated in detail. The mean and standard deviation of the displacements and stress of the pipeline under earthquake are evaluated by the proposed method. Also, the results of one pipeline are compared with Monte Carlo random simulation. The numerical results show that the proposed model can reasonably predict the seismic response of the pipeline with corrosion.     

殖民文化视角下的“协和语”认识

出现在近代中日关系中的协和语,是一种伴随着殖民入侵而出现的语言现象,在一个世纪以上的历史跨度中,一方面极具生命力,是日本人与中国人民间语言交流的一种文化现实;另一方面,又是语言规律之外的一个怪胎,呈现出日本语与中国语混淆使用的基本面目,从未有过登堂入室的体面经历.本文从协和语概念的界定、协和语发展的三个不同阶段,以及作为殖民语言的本质特征等几个方面,讨论了关于协和语的初步认识.     

文化廊道范围计算及旅游空间构建研究——以西南丝绸之路(云南段)为例

随着桑地亚哥·得·卡姆波斯特拉朝圣之路(Santiago de Compostela)的成功申遗,以及近年来京杭大运河、丝绸之路申遗呼声的高涨,跨区域大型线性遗产正逐渐成为研究热点。本文在对文化线路和遗产廊道进行中国化的理论解读后,引入了文化廊道的理念。以西南丝绸之路(云南段)为例,在专家评价的基础上,运用地理学的方法,借助于GIS对廊道空间进行分析,提出了确定廊道范围的计算方法,并推导出文化元素"影响力半径"的计算公式;从节点、通道、域面三个方面对西南丝绸之路(云南段)的旅游空间进行了构建,并给出了廊道空间分析、构建的方法和指标体系,为西南丝绸之路旅游开发及其他文化廊道(茶马古道、京杭大运河等)的保护和开发机制研究提供了借鉴。     

城市化空间增长上限确定的研究综述

本文从概念、理论及因素等方面对目前在城市化空间增长约束作用的特征进行了梳理,认为目前的研究存在着区域宏观尺度的把握较少、因素集成分析较少、缺乏直接针对城市用地本身与其他因素的相关关系分析等不足。笔者认为从约束角度开展对城市化空间增长上限的研究工作,关键是如何确定区域水资源安全容量、粮食安全下的耕地最小规模、可恢复条件下生态空间的最小规模或城市生产生活所需的最小生态空间规模等阈值,并提出城市化空间增长上限确定的方法和途径。     

基于旅游影响感知的自然旅游地居民分类及影响因素——以安徽天堂寨景区为例

旅游发展初期的自然旅游地社区居民旅游影响感知分类及影响因素在文献中讨论较少。以天堂寨景区为例利用分层聚类法与多分类名义变量逻辑斯蒂回归模型对居民旅游影响感知群体分类并识别其关键影响因素。研究发现:天堂寨周边社区居民旅游影响感知分为盲目乐观派、社区经济挂帅派、谨慎支持派、悲观反对派,分类的关键影响因素为年龄与居住时间、居住村、现在工作。基于深度访谈数据与研究文献分析了相关因素影响居民旅游影响感知群体分类的内在机制。本研究证实了一个事实:即使在偏远的山区农村社会分化也越来越明显,哪怕是针对像旅游业这样的具体议题,同时本研究也呼应了经典社会学中的社会分层理论。     

江南丘陵区农村居民点空间演变特征及影响因素研究——以长沙市为例

以江南丘陵区的长沙市为例,以1989年和2013年的Landsat TM影像及DEM为数据,应用GIS空间分析方法,对长沙市1989-2013年农村居民点空间演变的过程、格局、特征及影响因素进行研究。结果表明:①农村居民点密度不断加大,居民点空间扩展特征显著,但居民点布局较为分散;②农村居民点用地布局低地指向性特征明显,不同地貌类型区的农村居民点地域分异特征较为显著;③农村居民点空间布局的道路和河流指向性特征明显,距离道路与河流越近,农村居民点面积越大,反之则越少;④自然环境决定了长沙市农村居民点总体空间布局,同时,经济发展、农村城镇化与工业化、交通条件、政策制度等因素对农村居民点空间演变具有重要的影响。     

基于家庭的广州市入室盗窃的特征分析

家庭是社会的细胞,以犯罪地理学的理论和方法作为依据,从家庭的视角研究入室盗窃的特征及其影响因素。选取广州市18个社区作为案例,以1332个家庭的问卷调查作为数据基础,分别分析不同类型家庭遭遇入室盗窃的频次特征。结果表明:不同类型家庭在遭遇入室盗窃的频次方面存在明显的差异,邻里之间是否愿意帮忙、是否是本地家庭、居住条件和家庭收入等因素都会对入室盗窃发生的频次产生影响。在此基础上把影响入室盗窃的影响因素划分为根本因素和非根本因素两大类,并分析了两类因素对入室盗窃的影响特征。