SPECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOME MEDIAEV AL GLASS FRAGMENTS FROM CATALAN GOTHIC CHURCHES

AAS, FE and OES are each used in the analysis of thirteen samples of fragments of window glasses from three Catalan Gothic churches: Sta. Maria del Mar (Barcelona, Spain), Pedralbes Monastery (Barcelona, Spain) and Girona Cathedral (Spain). Two kinds of stained window glass are found. Special attention is paid to Co/Cu, Co/Ni and Cu/Ni ratios for blue glasses and Mn/Cu and Fe/Cu ratios for red glasses.     

IDLE LAND IN GRENADA: A REVIEW OF ITS CAUSES AND THE PRG'S APPROACH TO REDUCING THE PROBLEM

A chronic feature of Caribbean agriculture is the extent to which potential arable land lies idle. Some of this region's densely populated islands have more than one-third of their farmland in such a condition. Yet their populations have relied increasingly upon imported food for sustenance. During the 1970s this paradoxical situation was exemplified by Grenada, where possibly as much as 45 per cent of its farmland lay abandoned and imported food accounted for one-third of the national import bill. This paper first surveys the underlying factors accounting for idle land in this nation and then outlines the programs pursued by the People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) to reduce waste of this basic resource and, thereby, to effect a more stable economy.
Dans la scène agraire caraibe on trouve constamment des terres dormantes qui pourraient ětre cultivées. Quelques les, des plus fortement peuplées de la région, ont plus du tiers de leurs terres ambles dans une telle condition. Toutefois, leurs habitants se fient de plus en plus sur la nourriture importée pour se soutenir. Cette situation paradoxale s'illustre par la Grenade, des années soixante-dix, où jusqu'a 45 pour-cent du terroir aurait été abandonné, en méme que la nourriture importée se payait du tiers du budget disponible pour défrayer toutes les importations requises dans ľle. Cette communication souligne ďabord les facteurs qui ont Créé cette situation en Grenade, et présente ensuite les grandes lignes des programmes adoptés, par le gouvernement révolutionnaire du peuple, pour couiger cette situation et pour diriger ľle vers une économie plus stable qu'au paravant.     

SOME DEVELOPMENTS IN THE DIFFUSION PATTERNS OF HUTTERITE COLONIES

This paper describes some developments in the diffusion pattern of Hutterite colonies in North America. Today, there are more than 300 colonies distributed over the four western provinces of Canada and five states of the United States. The spatial behaviour of the three Hutterite clan-groups is compared, and responses by the sects to the repeal of the Alberta Communal Property Act in 1973 are assessed. Finally, changes in the rate of diffusion and the management of colony division are examined.
Cette communication décrit quelques développements dans la diffusion des colonies ďHutterites en Amérique du Nord. Aujourd'hui, il y a plus de 300 colonies dispersées dans les quatre provinces de ľoeust canadien et dans cinq états américains. Nous comparons le comportement spatial des trois groupes, ou clans, principaux ďHutterites et nous évaluons les réactions des sectes àľabrogation de la législation, de 1973, de la loi pourtant sur la possession en commun de propriétés Finalement. on examine le gérance de la division des colonies, et les changements dans leurs taux de diffusion.     

Mean airstreams of Australia

Streamline analyses of mean monthly resultant surface winds over Australia are presented. Mean confluences represent either cyclone trajectories, or modal fronts. These analyses suggest that Australia's annual airstream climate is of two regimes: that of September to March inclusive, and April to August inclusive. The winter half-year is exemplified by a continental airstream source in southern Australia which diverges over virtually the entire continent. It continues into September and October, although dominating only the southern third to half of Australia, and is absent from November to March. During the summer half-year a new pattern emerges, with three maritime air stream sources represented over the continent: first, air from the Southern Ocean penetrates the south coast reaching its furthest northward extension from December to March inclusive; a second source originating over the Pacific Ocean dominates eastern and northern Australia; and a monsoon source originating over the Indian Ocean which flows overland affecting northern Western Australia. Two modal confluences are noted, one over northwestern Australia from November-February separating monsoon flow from that emanating from the east, and another extending from the west central coast east-southeastward to the southeast coast from November-March separating Southern Ocean air from that originating over the Pacific Ocean.     

The determinants of county growth

The determinants of population and employment growth were explored from a broader interregional (as opposed to intraregional) perspective. Data for the 1970s, at the county level of disaggregation, were used to analyze the effects of economic, demographic, and climatic variables on population and employment growth in a simultaneous equation framework. The use of data from the more than 3000 US counties provides a considerably larger testing ground than those used in previous research. The point of departure was a conventional, general equilibrium model in which both households and producers are geographically mobile. The study's dependent variables refer to population, total, and manufacturing employment densities. Family income had a powerful effect in stimulating both population and employment density. A 10% increase in family income led to a 7.9% increase in total and a 9.2% increase in manufacturing employment densities. High family income must stand for high demand, and thus, firms are drawn to an area. High family income also drew households to an area. A 10% increase in family income led to a 5.5% increase in population density. High family income must represent "good" neighborhoods for households. High family income was positively correlated with population and employment density, but in other recent studies either a negative and significant relationship or an insignificant relationship were reported. Local taxes consist of the receipts of county government and those of municipalities, townships, school districts, and special districts within the county. The elasticities reported in Table 4 suggest that a 10% increase in such taxes resulted in about a 0.072% reduction in county population density during the decade. The Industrial Revenue Bonds (IRBs) and the percent of the labor force that is unionized are 2 potential policy instruments at the state level. The study results suggest that IRBs have not stimulated either manufacturing or total employment, and the coefficients were statistically insignificant in the structural equations. The elasticities imply that a 10% increase in percent union reduces total employment by 0.42% and manufacturing employment by 0.18%. The effect on population was tiny. Further, while not intended, the interstate highway program may have been a significant redistributor of population and employment but has not caused immigration of people and jobs from central cities.