香港的青铜时代及其分段

早在 2 0世纪 2 0年代 ,香港地区就有了考古活动。 2 0世纪 70年代 ,特别是 80年代以来 ,为了配合工程建设 ,香港地区进行了大量的考古工作 ,迄今为止 ,发现认为是青铜时代的遗址达 2 6处① ,石刻数处。目前已有条件对香港青铜时代及其遗存作一初步探索。一、香港青铜时代的确认在学术界 ,对香港青铜时代这一基本问题有不同的看法。这些看法是在一些文章中顺带提出来的。大多数学者认为香港的史前人们经历过这个时代② ;也有学者认为香港为青铜文明的边缘地带 ,迄今为止未发现过本地区特征性的青铜器 ,因而是否经历过青铜时代还有待深入的探…     

道教人物画像颜料的原位无损分析

利用漫反射光谱、显微激光拉曼光谱和能量色散X射线荧光技术,对一张道教人物画像的颜料进行原位无损鉴别,结果显示,画像主要使用了朱砂、巴黎绿、群青、雌黄、碳黑和铅白。为了明确群青是人工合成还是天然颜料,采用X射线衍射对画像蓝色颜料进行物相分析,结果表明,该颜料确为合成群青。由于群青和巴黎绿均为人工合成颜料,其首次合成时间分别为1828年和1814年,清代晚期引入我国,由此推断该画像应在清代晚期以后绘制。这一研究表明,上述三项技术联用非常适合于易损和不允许取样的古字画颜料的无损分析鉴定,在纸张类文物分析中具有广阔的应用前景。     

汉代甘肃河西地区农作物浅述——以历代出土汉简为例

甘肃河西地区,是古丝绸之路的交通要道。丝绸之路从中亚进入中国境内,经河西走廊,入宁夏而达西安。可以说,河西地区对中西文化交流做出了巨大贡献。本文以历代出土汉简为例,简述了汉代甘肃河西地区农作物的种植情况。     

镜头里的晚清中国和中国人--约翰·汤姆逊摄影作品展

一位满族的新娘,一个广州的富家小姐,一对福建的互相凝视的夫妻,三位表情各异的满清总理衙门的官员,北京街边的古董摊,香港照相馆里的画师,闽江夕阳西下的美景,厦门布满鹅卵石狭长阴暗的街道里破败不堪的民居,台湾土著平埔人建造的居所……他们离我们已有一百多年,对于今天的我们而言,也许有些熟悉,抑或十分陌生,     

晚清国家观变化的时代特色

晚清国家观变化所呈现的强烈鲜明的爱国主义精神,恢廓的世界眼光以及各种国家观念纷然杂陈等时代特色,不仅是晚清国家观变化的重要内容和标志,更是当时“千古未有之变局”之纷繁复杂的社会现实在国家观念上的反映。上述特色非但使晚清国家观注入了新的内涵,也加速了晚清国家观由传统王朝观向近代国家观的转变;并对当时中国社会的历史发展及其走向产生了重大而深远的影响。     

圆仁求法目录所记五台山石刻考

隋唐时代是中日两国文化交往的重要时代,日本全面学习隋唐文化,其中日本来华的求法高僧尤其值得注意.今存日本的大量早期汉籍文献,往往是他们由唐土携回日本的.东来求法诸僧当中,圆仁(794-864)最为著名,他巡礼五台、参拜长安诸寺,求取了大量的法宝、典籍,曾编为《日本国承和五年入唐求法目录》、《慈觉大师在唐送进录》和《入唐新求圣教目录》,《入唐新求圣教目录》编成在后,著录经籍最多①.圆仁在五台山巡礼时曾抄写经卷②,礼拜佛像③,临摹图画④,摹写碑文,故所编《入唐新求圣教目录》中包含了以上这些巡礼活动所得文献.圆仁抄录的五台山石刻也著录其中,惜不见于历代石刻著录.今特举出此五种石刻,结合《入唐求法巡礼行记》⑤、《行历钞》⑥、《广清凉传》⑦、《宋高僧传》⑧、《净土往生传》⑨、敦煌文献等,考证其来源和本事.     

清代淮河流域商业重镇亳州境内的徽商——以乾隆、光绪《婺源县志》为中心的考察

清代亳州境内的徽商以婺源籍的商人占主体,他们的经营活动具有较为明显的宗族化和地域化的倾向。他们在致富后,积极参与地方公益事业,用实际行动回报社会,形成了徽商与亳州地方社会的良性互动。     

“互联网+博物馆”平台的组织采纳影响因素研究——以“文物山东”平台为例

为了推进各文博机构对"互联网+博物馆"平台的采纳进程,识别"互联网+博物馆"的组织采纳影响因素与作用机制便显得尤为重要,需要从互联网技术、博物馆组织、外部环境与制度等维度,探索影响"互联网+博物馆"组织被采纳的推动因素与抑制因素。基于技术—组织—环境框架与双因素理论,对"文物山东"平台建设的调查研究结果表明,多功能性、网络效应、易用性、安全性、组织惰性、政府重视与政策规划、预算资金、顶层设计与标准、文博行业事业发展、公众需求、行业知识产权保护等是影响"互联网+博物馆"采纳的关键因素,相关政府部门应通过提供可靠的政策规制、标准来指导"互联网+博物馆"建设,采取有效措施减轻对新兴技术创新模式的技术安全疑虑,并制定相关绩效考核体系、建立规范来减轻组织惰性带来的抵触作用,进而推进博物馆的"互联网+"战略。     

Constraining groundwater flow in the glacial drift and saginaw aquifers in the Michigan Basin through helium concentrations and isotopic ratios

³He and ⁴He concentrations in excess of those in water in solubility equilibrium with the atmosphere by up to two and three orders of magnitude are observed in the shallow Glacial Drift and Saginaw aquifers in the Michigan Basin. A simplified He transport model shows that in situ production is negligible and that most He excesses have a source external to the aquifer. Simulated results show that ³He and ⁴He fluxes entering the bottom of the Saginaw aquifer are 7.5 × 10^?14 and 6.1 × 10^?7 cm³STPcm^?2 yr^?1, both of which are lower than fluxes entering the underlying Marshall aquifer, 1.0 × 10^?13 and 1.6 × 10^?6 cm³STPcm^?2 yr^?1 for ³He and ⁴He, respectively. In contrast, He fluxes entering the Saginaw aquifer are higher than fluxes entering the overlying Glacial Drift aquifer of 5.2 × 10^?14 and 1.5 × 10^?7 cm³STPcm^?2 yr^?1 for ³He and ⁴He, respectively. The unusually high He fluxes and their decreasing values from the lower Marshall to the upper Glacial Drift aquifer strongly suggest the presence of an upward cross‐formational flow, with increasing He dilution toward the surface by recharge water. These fluxes are either comparable to or far greater than He fluxes in deeper aquifers around the world. Model simulations also suggest an exponential decrease in the horizontal groundwater velocity with recharge distance. Horizontal velocities vary from 13 to 2 myr^?1 for the Saginaw aquifer and from 18 to 6 myr^?1 for the Marshall aquifer. The highly permeable Glacial Drift aquifer displays a greater velocity range, from 250 to 5 myr^?1. While Saginaw ⁴He ages estimated based on the simulated velocity field display an overall agreement with ¹⁴C ages, ¹⁴C and ⁴He ages in the Glacial Drift and Marshall aquifers deviate significantly, possibly due to simplifications introduced in the He transport model leading to calculation of first‐order approximation He ages and high uncertainties in Glacial Drift ¹⁴C ages.     

Accommodating and Confronting the Portuguese Dictatorship within NATO, 1970–4

During the early 1970s, NATO member-states such as Norway, Denmark, and the Netherlands repeatedly sought to use the Atlantic Alliance as a forum to confront Portuguese domestic and colonial policies. However, the larger members of the organisation - including the United States, the UK, France, and West Germany - successfully blocked their efforts. While the former expressed concern over the challenges posed by the Lisbon regime to NATO's credibility at home and abroad, the latter sought to preserve their interests and institutional cohesion in view of the challenges posed by détente. This fault line reflected core differences in the allies' perspectives about both Portugal and NATO itself. Drawing on extensive multi-archival research, this article examines the motivations and actions of various member-states on the North Atlantic Assembly and the NATO Council ministerial meetings. It reconsiders the international dimension of the Marcelo Caetano dictatorship and the connection between the cold war framework and the process of Portuguese resistance to decolonisation in Africa.