武帝早期的南郡政区

新发表的湖北荆州松柏汉墓35号木牍为武帝早期元光、元朔、元狩间文书。木牍上所写文书内的南郡各县名排序为:先由西向东,再由南向北,后由东向西记述外围,后以居南郡中心的江陵结尾。在对相关属县分析后,参照属县排序,确定出当时南郡所辖地域的大体范围,并对与南郡相邻的长沙国北疆变迁情况提出新的意见。     

汉代甘肃河西地区农作物浅述——以历代出土汉简为例

甘肃河西地区,是古丝绸之路的交通要道。丝绸之路从中亚进入中国境内,经河西走廊,入宁夏而达西安。可以说,河西地区对中西文化交流做出了巨大贡献。本文以历代出土汉简为例,简述了汉代甘肃河西地区农作物的种植情况。     

《金縢》初探

传世的《金縢》篇虽然是经,但是后来有学者对于其内容、年代、解释等有不同的意见,乃至认为它是伪书或写定时代很晚。最近公布的清华大学藏简中,有内容与之相应的篇章,为解决有关的问题提供了新材料。将两者进行细致的比较可以发现,传世本和竹简本《金縢》是同源异流的关系,二者在流传过程中可能都经过了不同程度的改变。这一点,对于认识《金縢》的一些问题是有帮助的。     

山海关关城西门、北门瓮城遗址保护构想

本文以山海关关城西门、北门瓮城遗址的考古清理工作为依据,详述了西门、北门瓮城的形制及现状,并提出了具有针对性的保护措施及展示构想。     

南昌航空大学课外活动网球俱乐部创建的初步研究

本文以体育专业网球专项学生为主体,创建课外网球俱乐部,使喜欢网球的在校生在课外活动中技术有指导性的提高,体育专业的学生在做教练的过程中,专业知识和技能得到了发挥和展示。在创建过程中不仅为体育专业学生的未来发展培养创新精神和实践能力,也为体育专业的发展提供一些可借鉴的经验。在掌握课外活动网球俱乐部创建的步骤及开展优势的同时,也为高校体育项目俱乐部的创建及开展提供参考性得意见。     

民族村寨旅游者主客互动仪式情感体验过程及其唤醒机制研究：以“高山流水”敬酒仪式为例

以“高山流水”敬酒仪式为案例,运用访谈法与观察法,分析民族村寨旅游者主客互动仪式情感体验过程及唤醒机制。结果发现：①仪式展演中,敬酒人以物质投入营造仪式“氛围场”,借助道具与旅游者展开互动,经仪式要素驱动使其达到集体兴奋状态,获得积极情感体验。②经由主客互动,旅游者收获个体情感能量、群体团结、群体符号、道德感等效果,赋予道具以情感意义,使其成为象征敬酒仪式的文化符号。③文化符号负荷主客情感,日常生活情境中旅游者以文化符号相遇、体验情感分享、敬酒仪式代入方式实现仪式体验情感唤醒。本文构建了跨情境旅游者仪式体验情感唤醒机制,可为民族旅游地构建具有文化特色和体验价值的主客互动仪式提供理论借鉴。     

Unstabilized and stabilized compressed earth blocks with partial incorporation of recycled aggregates

This article aims to characterize the physical, mechanical, and water-resistant behavior of unstabilized and stabilized compressed earth blocks (CEB) produced with partial incorporation of recycled fine aggregates from construction debris. The objective was to produce an alternative-earth construction material with lower embodied energy. To this end, different types of common CEB were covered, namely: unstabilized CEB; stabilized CEB with 8% cement; stabilized CEB with 4% cement and 4% lime. CEB were characterized in terms of density, thermal conductivity, compressive and tensile strength, water absorption, permeability, and resistance to water erosion from drip and spray tests. The influence of moisture content was also analyzed. Lime stabilization had little effect on the early age mechanical and durability behavior of CEB. Design coefficients are suggested for common cement-stabilized CEB under different environmental conditions. A minimum of 4% cement content was sufficient to produce water-resistant CEB with partial incorporation of recycled aggregates.     

A Late 17th‐Century Trade Cargo from Ponta do Leme Velho,Sal Island,Cape Verde

In 1973, while recovering copper cargo from a 20th‐century ship wrecked off the Ponta do Leme Velho on the south‐east side of Sal Island, Cape Verde, explosives revealed an earlier ship cargo with dozens of Portuguese faience plates and bowls, glass beads and metal objects, including buckles, ammunition and copper manillas. The assemblage, including the ceramics and a marked silver tastevin, provide a site date between 1680 and 1700. The research presented here is a result of collaboration between CPAS and the authors in 2008 to analyse this assemblage in the context of late 17th‐century maritime trade.     

Bronze production in Southwestern Iberian Peninsula: the Late Bronze Age metallurgical workshop from Entre Águas 5 (Portugal)

Archaeological works at Entre Águas 5 (Portugal) uncovered a seasonal LBA settlement with significant metallurgical remains (crucibles, moulds, prills and a tuyere) related to bronze production. Radiocarbon dating ascribes an occupation period (10th–9th century BC) previous to Phoenician establishment in Southwestern Iberia. In spite of the proliferation of metal artefacts during LBA, the production of bronze alloys is still poorly understood. An integrated analytical approach (EDXRF, optical microscopy, SEM–EDS, micro-EDXRF and Vickers microhardness) was used to characterise this metallurgy. Crucibles show immature slags with copious copper nodules, displaying variable tin content (c. 0–26 wt.%), low iron amount (<0.05 wt.%) and different cooling rates. Certain evidences point to direct reduction of oxide copper ores with cassiterite. Scorched moulds with residues of copper and tin indicate local casting of artefacts. Finished artefacts also recovered at the site have an analogous composition (bronze with ∼10 wt.% Sn and low amounts of Pb, As and Fe) typical of coeval metallurgy in SW Iberia. Some artefacts reveal a relationship between typology and composition or manufacture: a higher tin content for a golden coloured ring or absence of the final hammering for a bracelet. An uncommon gilded nail (gold foil c. 140 μm thick; 11.6 wt.% Ag; ∼1 wt.% Cu) attests the existence of evolved prestige typologies. This LBA settlement discloses a domestic metallurgy whose main features are typical in Iberian Peninsula. Finally, it should be emphasized that a collection as comprehensive and representative of a single workshop has rarely been studied, enabling a deeper understanding of the various operations involving the bronze production and manufacture of artefacts.