HDI三聚体加固材料对纸质文物字迹保护性能研究

以HDI三聚体化学加固材料对纸质文物中字迹保护效果为研究对象,选用纸质档案中常见的墨汁、碳素墨水、蓝黑墨水、纯蓝墨水、红色墨水、铅笔字迹等材料,根据加固前后字迹的颜色变化、扩散现象,以及与壳聚糖、羧甲基纤维素、明胶-甘油溶液加固材料所做的对比,对HDI三聚体加固纸质文物字迹的安全性进行评估,并依据耐酸性、耐碱性、耐氧化性和耐干热老化性能对其耐久性做出综合分析,进而探究HDI三聚体加固材料对字迹的保护效果。结果表明：在安全性上,HDI三聚体相比其他加固材料性能更优;在耐久性上,其对墨汁、碳素墨水字迹的保护效果较好,对蓝黑墨水、纯蓝墨水、红色墨水、铅笔字迹的保护效果相对较差。另外,依据字迹材料特点,选取适当质量分数加固溶液方能达到理想的加固效果。     

一种新的壁画修复材料黏结性评价装置及应用研究

为了可直接考察修复材料对壁画颜料层-地仗层(地仗层-地仗层)的黏结性,借鉴敦煌石窟泥塑制作"木骨泥胎"原理和涂层、黏接剂附着力和黏结强度测试方法,设计了一套拉拔模具。该装置解决了壁画修复材料评价中黏结界面错位,客观数据获取难,适用性差,耗时长等问题。试验测定了6种常用修复材料在质量浓度5%条件下的黏结强度,确定其黏结性强弱顺序为:纯丙乳液聚乙烯醇PVA-1788白乳胶硅丙乳液明胶(Paraloid b-72)。基于试验数据,提出选择修复材料及工作浓度时,应以接近原有胶结材料(明胶)黏结强度为宜。     

壁画起甲修复材料性能评价指标体系的构建初探

材料性能评价指标体系是材料研究、应用推广中的重要一环,具有建立量度标尺、规范性能参数和推动行业发展等重要作用和意义。在航空、航天,汽车,建筑工程,油漆涂料等行业,目前已建立了相对成熟、完善的针对各类型材料的评价指标体系,拥有科学、系统的指标评价方法,及相对深入的理论研究。相比之下,相对小众的文物保护、修复材料应用领域,如古代壁画保护修复材料的性能评价与研究,发展还相对缓慢,研究基础相对滞后。 本研究分析了壁画起甲病害的材料学成因(各种物理、化学作用),总结了国内外壁画修复材料性能评价研究的进展(包括简要的修复材料应用历史),借鉴上述成熟行业评价、研究的模型和方法,采用“需求-性能-评价指标”体系,分析并尝试提出了壁画起甲修复材料的评价指标、方法及体系。初步提出的指标总分为材料有效性、安全性和耐久性3类,具体包括材料的黏结性、渗透性、水汽透过性、流动性、光学性能、化学惰性(酸碱性)、无毒害性、耐温湿度、光照、盐害及微生物作用等14项。 此外,本研究还分析了所列指标评价方法的适用性、存在的问题和面临的困难,指出了壁画是受到本体(多种材料、多层结构)因素和所处环境因素多重作用叠加的特点,说明了从修复实践中发展来的工艺、手艺性(操作)也是壁画修复对材料要求的一种特殊性表现;讨论了进一步完善起甲修复材料评价指标体系所需的数学建模分析的工作构想。 该评价指标体系的提出,将为我国文物保护、修复材料评价研究中壁画起甲修复材料的研究、应用推广、新材料研发;为已有材料的合理使用与持续优化;为壁画修复项目的规范开展,奠定坚实的科学工作基础。     

Severe vertebral collapse in a juvenile from the graveyard (13th/14th–19th centuries) of the São Miguel church (Castelo Branco,Portugal): differential palaeopathological diagnosis

Diseases that culminate into vertebral collapse are of intricate diagnosis both in palaeopathology and modern clinical practice. When analysing human skeletal remains from the archaeological record this difficulty is amplified due to the absence of complementary medical diagnostic information. This is especially evident when the distinction between tuberculous and pyogenic spondylitis is intended. Taking into consideration this challenging task and based on the macroscopic and radiological study of the skeleton number 8, a specimen exhumed from the East necropolis (13th/14th to 19th centuries) of the São Miguel church, at the Portuguese city of Castelo Branco, the aims of the work here presented are to discuss the range of possible aetiological factors, especially infectious ones, ascribable to the striking pathological changes noticed on this 12‐year‐old individual. These included alterations on the axial skeleton, namely extensive vertebral destruction, presenting as a gibbus deformity, and correlated thoracic deformities. Consubstantiated on palaeopathological and clinical research, tuberculous spondylitis seems to be the most probable cause for the reported lesions. However, the scrutiny between this condition and other pyogenic spinal infections is of extreme complexity when analysing ancient human remains and deserves in‐depth future investigations. Within the framework of the Portuguese archaeological record, the specimen here presented is of major relevance since the pattern and severity of the spinal osseous changes observed were not previously reported. Further, if tuberculous spondylitis is assumed as the most probable diagnosis, the case here presented represents one of the earliest skeletal evidence of this condition in Portugal. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

清末北京警察的设立和成效分析

清朝末年,随着政治形势、城市社会环境、舆论宣传环境和治安状况的发展,原有的维护北京城市社会秩序的政府机构已不能应对当时复杂的局面。在各种背景下,北京警察应运而生。在清末十年短暂的发展中,北京警察机构和功能逐渐完善,对北京社会秩序和城市发展起到了积极的作用。     

山海关关城西门、北门瓮城遗址保护构想

本文以山海关关城西门、北门瓮城遗址的考古清理工作为依据,详述了西门、北门瓮城的形制及现状,并提出了具有针对性的保护措施及展示构想。     

《金縢》初探

传世的《金縢》篇虽然是经,但是后来有学者对于其内容、年代、解释等有不同的意见,乃至认为它是伪书或写定时代很晚。最近公布的清华大学藏简中,有内容与之相应的篇章,为解决有关的问题提供了新材料。将两者进行细致的比较可以发现,传世本和竹简本《金縢》是同源异流的关系,二者在流传过程中可能都经过了不同程度的改变。这一点,对于认识《金縢》的一些问题是有帮助的。     

南昌航空大学课外活动网球俱乐部创建的初步研究

本文以体育专业网球专项学生为主体,创建课外网球俱乐部,使喜欢网球的在校生在课外活动中技术有指导性的提高,体育专业的学生在做教练的过程中,专业知识和技能得到了发挥和展示。在创建过程中不仅为体育专业学生的未来发展培养创新精神和实践能力,也为体育专业的发展提供一些可借鉴的经验。在掌握课外活动网球俱乐部创建的步骤及开展优势的同时,也为高校体育项目俱乐部的创建及开展提供参考性得意见。     

民族村寨旅游者主客互动仪式情感体验过程及其唤醒机制研究：以“高山流水”敬酒仪式为例

以“高山流水”敬酒仪式为案例,运用访谈法与观察法,分析民族村寨旅游者主客互动仪式情感体验过程及唤醒机制。结果发现：①仪式展演中,敬酒人以物质投入营造仪式“氛围场”,借助道具与旅游者展开互动,经仪式要素驱动使其达到集体兴奋状态,获得积极情感体验。②经由主客互动,旅游者收获个体情感能量、群体团结、群体符号、道德感等效果,赋予道具以情感意义,使其成为象征敬酒仪式的文化符号。③文化符号负荷主客情感,日常生活情境中旅游者以文化符号相遇、体验情感分享、敬酒仪式代入方式实现仪式体验情感唤醒。本文构建了跨情境旅游者仪式体验情感唤醒机制,可为民族旅游地构建具有文化特色和体验价值的主客互动仪式提供理论借鉴。     

Bronze production in Southwestern Iberian Peninsula: the Late Bronze Age metallurgical workshop from Entre Águas 5 (Portugal)

Archaeological works at Entre Águas 5 (Portugal) uncovered a seasonal LBA settlement with significant metallurgical remains (crucibles, moulds, prills and a tuyere) related to bronze production. Radiocarbon dating ascribes an occupation period (10th–9th century BC) previous to Phoenician establishment in Southwestern Iberia. In spite of the proliferation of metal artefacts during LBA, the production of bronze alloys is still poorly understood. An integrated analytical approach (EDXRF, optical microscopy, SEM–EDS, micro-EDXRF and Vickers microhardness) was used to characterise this metallurgy. Crucibles show immature slags with copious copper nodules, displaying variable tin content (c. 0–26 wt.%), low iron amount (<0.05 wt.%) and different cooling rates. Certain evidences point to direct reduction of oxide copper ores with cassiterite. Scorched moulds with residues of copper and tin indicate local casting of artefacts. Finished artefacts also recovered at the site have an analogous composition (bronze with ∼10 wt.% Sn and low amounts of Pb, As and Fe) typical of coeval metallurgy in SW Iberia. Some artefacts reveal a relationship between typology and composition or manufacture: a higher tin content for a golden coloured ring or absence of the final hammering for a bracelet. An uncommon gilded nail (gold foil c. 140 μm thick; 11.6 wt.% Ag; ∼1 wt.% Cu) attests the existence of evolved prestige typologies. This LBA settlement discloses a domestic metallurgy whose main features are typical in Iberian Peninsula. Finally, it should be emphasized that a collection as comprehensive and representative of a single workshop has rarely been studied, enabling a deeper understanding of the various operations involving the bronze production and manufacture of artefacts.